The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of shame experience in the relationship between symptom severity and quality of life (QOL) in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

A total of 122 subjects who met the diagnostic criteria for IBS responded to a questionnaire measuring shame experience, symptom severity, and QOL.

Study results revealed that shame experience, symptom severity, and QOL were all positively correlated with IBS. Further, shame experience partially mediated the relationship between severity of the symptoms and quality of life among individual’s suffering with IBS.

These results suggest the shame experience influences the process linking severity of IBS symptoms to low QOL. Therefore, it is important to promote sensitivity to the shame experience among IBS in various clinical situations. This paper includes limitations and suggestions for future research directions.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of experiential avoidance in the relationship between borderline personality traits and reactive aggression.

In total, 160 participants (male N=57, female N=103, mean age 25.3 years) completed the questionnaires measuring levels of borderline personality traits, experiential avoidance, and reactive aggression.

First, borderline personality traits had a significantly positive effect on experiential avoidance and reactive aggression. Experiential avoidance also had a positive effect on reactive aggression. Second, experiential avoidance had mediating effect between borderline personality traits and reactive aggression.

Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that borderline personality traits could activate experiential avoidance, which leads to an increase in reactive aggression. Furthermore, current results suggested that in the treatment of reactive aggression in borderline personality traits, it was important to deal with experiential avoidance.

Although adults with acne vulgaris suffer from various psychological difficulties, limited therapeutic research has been conducted on this topic. This study examined the effect of self-compassion writing on self-discrepancy, social anxiety, and skin-related quality of life in these adults.

A total of 46 adults were assigned to one of three groups: self-compassion writing group (n=16), distraction writing group (n=15), and control group (n=15). Treatment included 20 minutes of writing in 6 sessions conducted over two weeks. A follow-up test was conducted two weeks after the post-test.

The results indicated that the self-compassion writing group showed a significant decrease in self-discrepancy and social anxiety and a borderline significant increase in skin-related quality of life as compared to the control group.

Based on the results of this study, self-compassion writing could be an effective self-instructional intervention for adults with acne vulgaris. The limitations and suggestions for further studies have been discussed in this study.

The following study was designed to identify the aspects of orthorexia nervosa in Korea and the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and fear of obesity to establish the basis for diagnosis of orthorexia nervosa.

We collected Dusseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS), perceived suspectibility and severity to obesity, fear of obesity, Korean Overall Body Esteem Scale (K-OBES), body mass index (BMI), subjective evaluation of obesity degree, body satisfaction, reason for diet and demographic characteristics from 321 adults and then analyzed the data using SPSS 23.0.

The results showed that perceived severity to obesity and subjective evaluation of obesity degree was negatively correlated with DOS and had significant effect on DOS. These findings suggest orthorexia nervosa is not behavior to prevent and manage obesity. Also, the relationship between DOS and demographic characteristics such as gender and age and psychological variable such as fear of obesity, body esteem and satisfaction was not significant.

Orthorexia nervsoa is an independent condition that distinguishes it from anorexia nervosa, which shows a fear of obesity, a disturbance in the way to experience their body and difference between sex. Last, the limitations and implication for future work are discussed.

Although there is a relationship between paranoia and loneliness in several studies, the mechanisms that explain how loneliness augments paranoia remain unclear. The study investigates the effects of self-concept in the relationship between loneliness and paranoia.

149 participants (male N=70, female N=79, mean age: 22.05 years) completed the questionnaires measuring levels of loneliness, self-concept, and paranoia.

Data from this study show that loneliness has a significantly negative effect on self-concept and positive effect on paranoia. Self-concept has a significantly negative effect on paranoia. Also, it was analyzed that meditating effect on self-concept is significant on the relationship between loneliness and paranoia

Based on the result of this study, it was confirmed that loneliness could activate self-concept negatively, which leads to an increase in paranoia. Also, current results suggested that in the treatment of paranoia, it was important to deal with feeling of loneliness as well as intervention in self-concept.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategy on the relationship between emotion malleability beliefs and depression, and between emotion malleability beliefs and anxiety in Individuals with GAD (Generalized anxiety disorder) symptoms.

The 103 individuals with GAD symptoms respond to the questionnaires measuring emotion malleability beliefs, cognitive emotion regulation strategy, depression, anxiety.

Data from this study show that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy mediates the effect of emotion malleability beliefs on depression and anxiety. Adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy has no mediating effect on them.

These results suggest that making the individuals with GAD have emotion malleability beliefs or educating them on emotion regulation strategy may not be enough. Therefore, practical intervention is needed in the overall emotion regulation. Finally, this paper includes implications, limitations, and suggestions for the future study.

Childhood trauma is frequently associated with dating violence or intimate partner violence victimization in adulthood. To investigated the role of forgiveness on revictimization in close relationship, We tested the mediating effects with the three components of dispositional forgiveness-self, other, situation on the relationship between childhood trauma and adulthood dating violence victimization.

We measured childhood trauma experience (CTQ), dating violence victimization in adulthood (CTS-Ⅱ), and self, other, situation forgiveness (HFS), among unmarried women in their 20~30s who have been dating at least once.

The results showed that self-forgiveness partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and adulthood dating violence victimization. However, there was no significant mediating effect of other and situation forgiveness.

These findings suggest that the experience of childhood trauma can lower the level of self-forgiveness, and then increase the risk of dating violence victimization in adulthood. So, the interventions to facilitate self-forgiveness can help overcome interpersonal trauma and prevent revictimization in close relationships. Finally, the implications and limitations were discussed with suggestions for further research.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of anger regulation cognitive behavior therapy on sexual cognitive distortions and rape proclivity on sexual offenders.

The participants were sexual offenders who are currently imprisoned. The 37 participants were randomly assigned to either treatment group (n=18) or control group (n=19). The treatment group was administered 5 sessions (120-minute each). The program included how to recognize anger and practiced effective strategies to deal with it. All participants completed questionnaires at baseline and post-treatment.

No significant pre-post differences in anger, sexual cognitive distortions and rape proclivity were found between treatment group and control group.

The findings suggest that anger regulation program is not enough to make significant differences in anger, sexual cognitive distortions and rape proclivity. However this study shows the potential possibilities of combination of anger regulation treatment and current CBT programs that would make current correcting programs for sex offenders more effective. Limitations and suggestions for further studies were proposed at the end.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of gratitude and parenting stress in the relationship between neuroticism and postpartum depression.

155 respondents(mean age: 32.54 years) who were 4 weeks or more and 1 year or less postpartum completed surveys that measured levels of neuroticism, gratitude, parenting stress, and postpartum depression.

First, it shows that gratitude and parenting stress had partial mediating effect between neuroticism and postpartum depression each. Second, it was analyzed that gratitude and parenting stress had dual mediating effect between neuroticism and postpartum depression.

Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that neuroticism could inhibit the development of gratitude, and that leads to an increase in parenting stress, leading to postpartum depression. Also, current results suggest that gratitude intervention and dealing with parenting stress in the treatment and prevention of postpartum depression is important. This paper includes limitations, implications, and suggestions for the future study.

The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effect of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness on the relationship between covert narcissistic tendency of adults in their twenties and the satisfaction of interpersonal relations.

194 male and female adults in their twenties completed the self-report questionnaires on covert narcissism, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, and interpersonal satisfaction. A mediated model was tested using the SPSS Macro by Hayes.

We verified that the ambivalence over emotional expressiveness played a mediating role in the relationship between covert narcissistic tendency and interpersonal satisfaction. In terms of the characteristics of relationship, except for the superior person, the relationship between lover/spouse and friends/colleagues showed the mediating effect between covert narcissism and interpersonal satisfaction.

The covert narcissistic tendency itself affects low interpersonal satisfaction, but the ambivalence over emotional expressiveness affects low interpersonal satisfaction when the covert narcissist interacts with lover/spouse, friends/colleagues. We discussed the directions of intervention for the covert narcissist having low satisfaction in relationships, limitations and future suggestions of this research.

This study investigates the function of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between emotional clarity and emotion regulation and examines the differential effect between belief and ability for cognitive flexibility on them.

The 151 participants respond to the questionnaires measuring emotional clarity, emotion regulation, and cognitive flexibility, which is also measured by task reflecting on real ability.

Data from this study show that self-reported cognitive flexibility mediates the effect of emotional clarity on emotion regulation. Cognitive flexibility measured by task has no mediating effect on them.

These results suggest the cognitive flexibility play a role in the mechanism linking emotional clarity to emotion regulation and belief of own’s ability to cope flexibly is more important than real ability. Finally, this paper includes implications, limitations, and suggestions for the future study.

The present study aimed to explore psychometric properties of Korean version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for Children-Revised (PTGI-C-R), and related variables.

The PTGI-C-R was translated into Korean and 716 children and adolescents in a general population sample completed a self-report battery.

361 participants reported experiencing of traumatic event and 145 among them showed clinical symptoms. In clinical group, Korean version of PTGI-C-R has exhibited good internal consistency and construct validity. Those who experienced traumatic event reported more PTG than unexperienced group. PTG was positively related with resilience, optimism, and rumination, but negatively related with depression and anxiety, also nonlinearly related with intensity of perceived stress.

This study found the distinct changes of PTG from normative maturation by comparing those who experienced traumatic event and those who did not.

The purpose of present study was to examine a relation between internalized shame and adaption to college life of Chinese international students and to identify a moderating role of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation on this relation. 

A sample of 173 Chinese international students in Seoul was recruited to answer the questionnaires of internalized shame, adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (acceptance & positive reappraisal) and adaption to college. 

Internalized shame showed a significant negative correlation with adaption to college. So, the higher internalized shame was, the lower adaption to college showed. And the internalized shame was negative effect on level of adaption to college when level of acceptance was high, but the effect of internalized shame on adaptation to college was disappeared when level of acceptance was low. The similar result was also found in positive reappraisal. So, the moderating effect of acceptance and positive reappraisal on the relation between internalized shame and adaption to college was confirmed.

These results suggest that during clinical intervention, practitioners should consider internalized shame as a risk factor and cognitive emotion regulation as a protective factor when dealing with foreign students’ adaption in college.