The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of shame experience in the relationship between symptom severity and quality of life (QOL) in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

A total of 122 subjects who met the diagnostic criteria for IBS responded to a questionnaire measuring shame experience, symptom severity, and QOL.

Study results revealed that shame experience, symptom severity, and QOL were all positively correlated with IBS. Further, shame experience partially mediated the relationship between severity of the symptoms and quality of life among individual’s suffering with IBS.

These results suggest the shame experience influences the process linking severity of IBS symptoms to low QOL. Therefore, it is important to promote sensitivity to the shame experience among IBS in various clinical situations. This paper includes limitations and suggestions for future research directions.

This study aimed to evaluate the perceived male friendliness in nursing programs and to identify the relationship of this with gender role stereotype and major satisfaction.

A convenience sample of 193 male nursing students was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA with the SPSS/WIN 21.0.

The mean scores of male friendliness, major satisfaction, and gender role stereotype were 2.94±0.35, 3.72±0.81, and 2.58±0.53, respectively. Perceived male friendliness in nursing programs was found to be correlated with gender role stereotype (r=−.215, p<.001). Participants who completed maternal nursing courses showed lower male friendliness (t=−4.53, p<.001).

Improving the male friendliness of maternal nursing courses and flexible gender role stereotyping should be considered when developing effective strategies to improve male friendliness in nursing programs.

Housing is the most basic right for everyone and a significant factor in the lives of people with mental disorders. The purpose of this study is to explore the case management experiences of mental health professionals who provide housing services to people with mental disorders living independently. This study aims to contribute to the establishment of a housing support service system for people with mental disorders.

Three focus group interviews were conducted with 16 community mental health professionals in three groups. Qualitative descriptive methods and qualitative content analysis were used.

The data were analyzed in 3 domains (client, system, case manager), 5 categories (positive changes in the client, limits and crises of independent living, independent housing support system establishment, improving efficacy and capacity, new insight), and 10 subcategories.

According to the results, the most important aspect is to strengthen housing support, which forms the basis for the recovery of people with mental disorders, and establish a policy system to secure quantitative independent housing. To reliably provide support for residential services, it is essential to establish a system and present a case management model specialized in residential services. Further, practical measures are needed to secure the expertise of case managers and strengthen their capabilities. Above all, case managers should act as independent supporters who recognize the client’s responsibility and autonomy, without monitoring and controlling, not only in the process of recovery but also in crisis situations that people with mental disorders living in independent housing experience.

The purpose of this study is to verify how participation in cultural and leisure activities by middle- and old-aged households with people with disabilities affects subjective health status and life satisfaction.

Secondary analyses were conducted with 1,223 persons aged 50 years or over and living alone with disabilities, using the raw data from the 2017 National Survey on Persons with Disabilities.

The results indicated that participation in cultural and leisure activities moderates the effects of subjective health status on life satisfaction.

This study revealed that policies and programs to encourage participation in cultural and leisure activities for persons with disabilities are needed for enhancing life satisfaction.

This study is a randomized control trial (RCT) to compare the effects of the electrocardiogram waveform simulation-based Healing Rhythm System on stress, electroencephalography (EEG), heart rate, and anxiety on healthy college students. Healthy college students without any disease were recruited. A total of 68 participants were collected and analyzed in 31 experimental groups, 17 placebo group, and 20 control group.

The analysis method was repeated measurement of ANOVA and it was conducted 8 times in total. The effect measurement was checked before and after exposure to stressors and six times every five minutes after intervention.

The results of the study showed that stress was significantly different in the experimental group at 10 minutes (F=4.33, p=.017) and 15 minutes after the intervention, and the EEG was significantly different in the experimental group at the relative alpha Fp1, F3 (F=5.753, p=.005) after the intervention, and the heart rate was significantly different in the experimental group at 15 minutes and 20 minutes (F=3.586, p=.033). The anxiety was significantly different in the experimental group after the pre and post-treatment of stressors (F=18.609, p<.001).

Therefore, HR system will be widely used as a program to induce calming to healthy university students in stressful situations.

This is a cross-sectional survey to explore the effect of spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence on performing of spiritual nursing by nurses caring for cancer patients.

The participants were 214 nurses with experience of caring for cancer patients for more than one year. The data were collected by an online survey using the spiritual well-being scale, spiritual care competence scale, and spiritual nursing scale.

The factors influencing the performing of spiritual nursing were communication (β=0.36, p<.001), satisfaction from spiritual nursing (β=0.21, p=.001), importance of religion (β=0.18, p=.013), existential well-being (β=0.18, p=.010), and knowledge acquisition of spiritual nursing (β=0.14, p=.033). The explanatory power of these variables on performing of spiritual nursing was 41.1%. When spiritual nursing was not carried out, 42.6% of nurses felt sorry and pitiful towards the patient; and 46.4% pointed out the difficulties in working environment that posed an obstacle.

We should develop an integrated program on spiritual nursing improvement, focusing on these key factors, to enhance the performance of spiritual nursing for cancer patients and to verify its effectiveness.

This study is a systematic review to explore factors affecting the quality of life (QOL) of spouses who have experienced bereavement.

We searched the literature in four foreign and one domestic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and RISS), using the search terms ‘bereavement’, ‘spouse’, and ‘quality of life’. A total of six articles were selected for final analysis by two researchers. Using the social ecological model, we categorized five domains affecting bereaved spouses’ QOL.

Studies were published between 2001 and 2010 and were surveyed in a total of five countries. The QOL of the participants was measured using various measurement tools, such as health-related QOL and life satisfaction. Using social ecological models, the factors affecting QOL among bereaved spouses were determined to be individual, interpersonal, organizational, community and policy factors.

Based on the analysis results, points for consideration are suggested, including the research design and direction of future research.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of experiential avoidance in the relationship between borderline personality traits and reactive aggression.

In total, 160 participants (male N=57, female N=103, mean age 25.3 years) completed the questionnaires measuring levels of borderline personality traits, experiential avoidance, and reactive aggression.

First, borderline personality traits had a significantly positive effect on experiential avoidance and reactive aggression. Experiential avoidance also had a positive effect on reactive aggression. Second, experiential avoidance had mediating effect between borderline personality traits and reactive aggression.

Based on the results of this study, it was confirmed that borderline personality traits could activate experiential avoidance, which leads to an increase in reactive aggression. Furthermore, current results suggested that in the treatment of reactive aggression in borderline personality traits, it was important to deal with experiential avoidance.

Although social support for patients with chronic illnesses buffers the detrimental impacts of stress, if it is not provided appropriately, it can be a source of stress. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Contextual Illness Support Scale (K-CISS) for patients with rheumatoid disease.

A cross-sectional survey containing measures on social support, depression, anxiety, and quality of life was conducted with patients with rheumatoid disease (N=323).

The construct validity was supported by the results of the exploratory structural equation modeling, confirming the original two-factor model (positive and problematic support) and significant correlations between these two factors and health-related variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, and quality of life). The concurrent validity was supported by the significant positive correlation between positive and social support that was measured by the Korean version of the DUKE-UNC functional social support questionnaire. The internal consistency of the K-CISS was satisfactory, with Cronbach’s α values of .96 and .72 for the subscales.

These results suggest that K-CISS is a reliable and valid measure of two aspects of social support.

Daily functioning is an important aspect of chronic pain management, particularly for individuals living with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Previous studies have established that emotional support from significant others is beneficial for chronic pain patients. However, emotional support can be discrepant from one’s preference and can also fluctuate. Thus, the present study investigates the role of instability in emotional support discrepancy on the daily functioning of patients with CRPS.

Participants consisted of 21 CRPS patients. Google Forms was used to obtain daily diary ratings over 15 days.The mean square of successive differences was calculated as an indicator of instability of emotional support discrepancy. Statistical analysis was conducted using hierarchical linear modeling.

Hierarchical linear modeling reveals that the moderating effect of instability in emotional support discrepancy on the relationship between daily pain severity daily activity avoidance (coefficient=0.01, t (292)=5.57, p<.001), activity interference (coefficient=0.01, t (292)=5.98, p<.001), distraction (coefficient=0.01, t (292)=5.10, p= .007) was statistically significant.

The results of this study suggest that instability in emotional support discrepancy reduces the buffering effect of emotional support.

Immobilization as restraint stress is recognized as a psychologically stressful event. The stress responses alter both neuroendocrine and neurochemistry in an acute and long-term manner. We investigated whether the effect of chronic repetitive restraint stress could elicit levels of corticosterone and related neurochemical alterations.

Nine-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (the stressed group) were subjected to restraint stress in a hemi-cylindrical apparatus nocturnally in seven consecutive days. The handled control group was a sustained-controlled husbandry, and the stressed group was returned to the same home cage immediately after daily restraint sessions. On day 14, all subjects were sacrificed and neurochemical assessment was performed. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured on days 1, 7, and 14 following a 7-day recovery period. The activity of exploration was measured on day 5 of the stress session for 5 min to expose the novel open field. On day 14, tyrosine hydroxylase, c-fos, and NADPH-diaphorase immunohistochemistry was performed in the locus coeruleus and hypothalamic PVN (paraventricular nucleus) in the brain, respectively.

The repetitive restraint stress elicits a retarded growth pattern and lowers locomotive activity at the acute phase. During the stressed session, higher levels of plasma corticosterone and nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) activity in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, the upregulated changes were prolonged seven days after the stress-free recovery period, chronically.

Chronic repetitive restraint stress may acutely alter neuroendocrine and behavioral changes via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and its phenomenon is sustained as a physiological maladaptation, depending on neurochemical alterations related to hypothalamic nNOS activity.

This study sought to investigate the personality and symptoms of Korean Coast Guard members.

A total of 136 Korea Coast Guard members were targeted and asked to accomplish the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) via the software SPSS version 23.0.

Korea Coast Guard members who worked on the ships for more than five years scored higher on the PD (psychopathic deviate), RC3, CYN (cynicism), and ASP (antisocial practices) scales of the MMPI than the group who worked for less than 5 years.

The findings suggest that members of the Korea Coast Guard may show significant antisocial score differences according to their ship working period and that a preventive approach is necessary to address this. These results suggested that the Korea Coast Guard may show significant antisocial score differences according to the ship working period, and that a preventive approach is necessary accordingly.