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- A Validation Study of the Korean Version of the Moral Injury Outcome Scale
- Hyeonchan Kim, Yun-Kyeung Choi
- STRESS. 2025;33(2):74-92. Published online June 30, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2025.33.2.74
- 1,614 View
- 53 Download
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Abstract
PDF - Background
Moral injury (MI) refers to the psychological and functional consequences of potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), involving perceived violations of deeply held moral beliefs. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Moral Injury Outcome Scale (K-MIOS) and to examine its applicability in Korean populations.
Methods
A total of 546 Korean adults who had experienced at least one PMIE completed an online survey. The sample was randomly split into two groups (n=273 each) for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed using correlation analyses with related psychological constructs. Signal detection analysis was performed to identify the optimal cutoff score indicating clinically significant and potentially targetable MI.
Results
EFA and CFA supported a two-factor structure for the K-MIOS, with good internal consistency. The K-MIOS showed significant positive correlations with PMIE exposure, MI, post-traumatic cognitions and emotions, post-traumatic stress symptoms, general psychological distress, and psychosocial dysfunction, supporting its construct validity. Signal detection analysis identified a cutoff score of 27 as optimally efficient for identifying individuals with clinically significant MI.
Conclusions
The K-MIOS showed robust psychometric properties and is suitable for assessing MI in Korean adults. This study provides initial evidence for a screening threshold, that may help identify individuals at clinical risk for MI.
- Pathways to Collective Emotions: Proximity, Media Exposure, Initial Reactions and Appraisal following the Sewol Ferry Disaster
- Young Ae Kim, Bu Jong Kim, Yun Kyeung Choi
- STRESS. 2018;26(1):68-75. Published online March 31, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2018.26.1.68
- 2,310 View
- 40 Download
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Abstract
PDF
Background: The purpose of the present study was to explore the impacts of proximity, media exposure, initial reactions and appraisal on ‘sorry feeling’ as trauma-related collective emotions.
Methods: The data were collected from a sample of 2,009 respondents (552 males and 1,457 females) using an online survey during a week at a year after Sewol ferry disaster. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to specify from proximity and media exposure to collective emotions through initial reactions at peri-disaster period (T1) and appraisals at the 1st anniversary of the disaster (T2).
Results: The results showed that the proximity, amounts of media exposure (T1 and T2) and initial reactions (T1) influenced collective emotions through the appraisals at T2.
Conclusions: These results were discussed in terms of moral injury and collective emotions. Limitation of this study and directions of future research were suggested.
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