The study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of a cognitive-behavioral stress management program on psychosocial stress, mood states, and ways of coping with stress for emergency department (ED) nurses.

The study design was a non-equivalent control group with a pre/post design. The study was conducted from July 1, to September 30, 2016. The sample population comprised nurses who work in ED in Seoul, South Korea. The sample size was 79 which included 39 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group. Seven sessions of a program (50 minutes/session) were provided over 4weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics: the χ²-test and the t-test with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.

There were statistically significant differences in psychosocial stress, mood states, and ways of coping with stress between the experimental group and the control group. However, the sub-hypothesis regarding the degree of using passive coping skills was not supported.

The results of this study indicate that a cognitive-behavioral stress management program for ED nurses is effective in reducing psychosocial stress, changing mood states positively, and improving ways of coping with stress effectively.

This study aimed to examine the correlations among attitudes toward suicide, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behaviors in people with mental disorders.

A descriptive research design was used. The participants were 172 patients with mental disorders selected from 12 mental health care facilities located in J and C Provinces in Korea. The study employed Attitudes Toward Suicide, the Scale for Suicide Ideation, and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale, using the SPSS WIN 23.0 program for data analysis.

Attitudes toward suicide obtained 2.56 points out of five on average, 7.21 points out of 38 on suicidal thoughts, and 1.91 points out of four on suicidal behaviors. A attitudes toward suicide of people with mental disorders were significantly correlated with suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior.

This study suggested that the development of education programs for reducing suicidal ideation and behaviors should be based on the appropriate attitudes toward suicide of people with mental disorders in the community.

Distractive emotion regulation, which relieves arousal through attention shift, protects individuals from strong stress. Distractive emotion regulation is widely used in everyday life and although it has great implications in the context of adaptation such as to addiction, it is generally not considered separately from avoidant regulation, it has neither been clearly defined nor measured.

Through a literature review and qualitative analysis, we selected adults’ distractive emotion regulation behaviors. We explored the construct by developing measurement on the distractive behaviors that adults use to regulate emotion.

Factor analysis revealed that distractive emotion regulation consisted of four factors: “consumption distraction” concerned with activities such as shopping, internet use, and TV viewing; “arousal control distraction” related to activities such as exercise, bathing, and deep breathing; “reserving distraction” pertaining to activities such as eating, sleeping, and listening to music; and “aggressive distraction” involving behaviors such as bullying, physical destructiveness, or cursing. Each factor had a different correlation with stress coping dimensions and subjective well-being.

Distractive emotion regulation is a multidimensional concept composed of sub-factors with different functions and clinical implications in daily life.

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effects of dissociation experience, relationship addiction, and internalized shame in the relationship between complex trauma experience in childhood-adolescence and interpersonal trauma in adulthood.

Two hundred and thirty-eight adults participated in this study. They were administered the Korean versions of the Trauma Antecedents Questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Dissociative Experiences Scale, Relationship Addiction Questionnaire, and Internalized Shame Scale. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, reliability analysis, and structural equation modeling.

First, dissociation and internalized shame had a double mediating effect in the relationship between complex trauma experience in childhood-adolescence and interpersonal trauma in adulthood. Second, relationship addiction and internalized shame had a double mediating effect in the relationship between complex trauma experience in childhood-adolescence and interpersonal trauma in adulthood. Third, dissociation, relationship addiction, and internalized shame had a triple mediating effect in the relationship between complex trauma experience in childhood-adolescence and interpersonal trauma in adulthood.

Therapeutic intervention for revictimization should address symptoms such as dissociation, relationship addiction, and internalized shame. In addition, people with complex trauma experiences in childhood-adolescence require preventive intervention to avoid further exposure to interpersonal trauma.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of body image distortion on health behaviors practice in high school students.

This study used a secondary data analysis study with the data derived from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The study sample included 20,787 high school students. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS program using Rao-Scott x ² test and complex samples general linear model analysis.

The prevalence of adolescents with body image distortion was 24.5% in this study. Health behaviors practice had significant differences according to body image distortion (t=10.29, p<.001), and the score for health behaviors practice in adolescents with body image distortion was lower than those without body image distortion. Gender, grade, school type, school achievement, economic status, and perceived health state were found to be significantly related to health behaviors practice. After controlling significant variables, body image distortion (b=.14, p<.001) was significantly related to health behaviors practice in adolescents, accounting for 4.0% of the variance in health behaviors practice (Wald F=52.75, p<.001).

These findings suggest that body image distortion has negative effects on health behaviors practice and healthcare professionals need to consider enhancing body image for improvement of health behaviors practice in adolescents.

College students experience stress related to its demands. Providing adequate resources to improve stress management remains a challenge. Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, Conscientiousness (DISC) is an instrument that accounts for multidimensionality of personality and has been used widely in research and industry. The purpose of this study was to examine DISC behavioral style with perceived stress, coping behavior, and personal satisfaction among college students.

Data were collected from 255 college students using self-reported questionnaire. Univariate descriptive statistical analysis was performed to explore sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. Possible association between sociodemographic variables and perceived stress, coping, personal satisfaction were examined using bivariate analysis with T-tests for independent samples and Chi-square. ANOVA was used to assess possible association between DISC profiles and the following three variables: perceived stress, coping, and personal satisfaction. A Scheffe test was performed post hoc to test for differences in DISC behavioral style and measures of perceived stress, coping, and personal satisfaction.

The distribution of DISC behavioral styles were 49.4%, 23.2%, 18.8%, and 8.6% respectively for dominance, influence, steadiness, and conscientiousness. Perceived stress and personal relationship varied significantly with DISC behavioral style (p=.001 and p=.019 respectively). Variation in DISC behavioral style did not demonstrate a significant association with stress coping (p=.383).

Providing stress coping management tailored to DISC behavioral style may be an effective way to improve stress reduction and personal satisfaction among college students.

According to the fear-avoidance model, pain becomes chronic when it is related to fear and avoidance behavior. When a pain-related threat occurs, humans instinctively use avoidance behavior strategies. However, the support of significant others is likely to inhibit avoidance behavior even with the same pain-related threat stimulus. Thus, in this study, we examined the effects of pain-related threats and social support of romantic partner on avoidance behavior inhibition.

Participants consisted of 80 pairs of healthy undergraduate couples, and were randomly assigned to one of four group conditions in a 2×2 factorial design, with threat level (high/low) and social support (presence/absence) as factors.

The results of the experiment indicated a significant interaction between threat level and social support. Specifically, in the high-threat condition, when social support was provided, task delay time was significantly shorter than when no social support was provided. On the other hand, in the low-threat condition, the time delay difference between high- and low- social support group was not significant. Moreover, social support did not affect fear reduction.

These results indicate that avoidance behaviors, which are instinctive responses to pain, can be inhibited by social support. This result would enhance understanding of the factors that have not been described in the fear-avoidance model in the pain-chronicization process, and will help expand and improve the model. We also discuss possible limitations of the study and scope for further studies.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of monetary motivation on the relationship between pain-related fear and avoidance behavior.

Eighty healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four groups in accordance with task conditions of pain-related fear (high or low) and monetary motivation (high or low).

The autonomic nervous system was more active in the high pain-related fear group than in the low pain-related fear group as the participants watched a video and performed a task. Also, pain-related fear and monetary motivation had a significant interaction effect on avoidance behavior. High monetary motivation was associated with a shorter delay time during task performance in the high pain-related fear group. No significant difference was observed in the delay time in the low pain-related fear group.

This study provides empirical evidence supporting the modified fear-avoidance model and experimentally proves the activation of the goal shielding mechanism.

This study aims to examine the influence of stressors on initiation and repetition of serious juvenile delinquency, and to provide grounds for intervention.

For these purposes, 8,418 responses from the “A study on supporting mental health promotion for children and adolescents” data of the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI) were utilized.

The results indicate that (1) 27.5% of adolescents experienced serious juvenile delinquency, (2) family and teacher relationship stress, and appearance stress were associated with the initiation of serious juvenile delinquency, and (3) All relationship stressors; family, teacher, peer, and senior-junior relationship stress had a significant effect on the repetition of serious juvenile delinquency.

Regarding these findings, implications for intervention and further research were provided.

The current study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Self Rated Abilities for Health Practices: Health Self-Efficacy Measure (SRAHP), originally developed by Becker et al. (1993).

Two hundred and seventy-eight college students participated in this study.

The inter-item reliability was high (Cronbach alpha=0.909). Factor analysis produced 6 factors of subscales (i.e., exercise, illness, emotion, nutrition, stress, and health practice subscales), which is more ramified compared to original study with 4 subscales (i.e., exercise, well-being, nutrition, health practices). The correlation analyses between K-SRAHP and the self-promoting lifestyle profile, the generalized self-efficacy scale, the perceived benefits scale, and the social desirability scale supported criterion-related validity.

The reliability and validity of K-SRAHP to measure self-efficacy of health practice was validated. Additionally, the limitations and suggestions for further studies were provided.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects a cognitive behavioral intervention on perceived stress, somatic symptoms, automatic negative thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes in college students.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a nonequivalent control group design. Students who agreed to participate in the study and had a total score of 7 or greater on the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 were asked to choose one of the two groups to attend: Experimental and control groups. Students in the experimental group (N=17) received 5-weekly group sessions of the intervention, each of which lasted 60 minutes. The interventions were not provided to the control group (N=15). Students in both groups were asked to complete a set of questionnaires at baseline and five weeks. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and repeated measures ANOVA were performed.

There was a significant interaction between time and group for perceived stress, somatic symptoms and automatic negative thoughts. Dysfunctional attitudes, on the other hand, were not significantly different by group.

The findings showed that the intervention was effective for college students suffering from perceived stress and somatic symptoms. In particular, the significant decrease in automatic negative thoughts among students in the intervention group suggests that the effect of the cognitive-behavioral intervention was mediated by the cognitive factors of somatic symptoms.

A number of studies have documented relationship between various individual outcomes and birth order. This study sought to investigate the relationship between adolescents health behavior, stress and birth order.

The data used in this study were obtained middle and high school students who replied to the 10th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS) administered in 2014. We investigated the associations between health behavior, stress and birth order using multivariable logistic regression analysis controlling with age, height, weight, father’s education, mother’s education, economic status, academic status, sleep duration, sitting time, self-perceived health status, self-perceived happiness, depression mood, suicide idea, suicide plan, suicide attempt, drinking experience, smoking experience.

The distribution of first-born was 45.5% and later-born was 54.5%. In multivariable logistic regression the later-born replied higher portion of vigorous physical activity 3 days per week and strength exercise 5 days per week. And later-born replied lower economic status, lower academic performance and higher prevalence of drinking experience, smoking experience. Later-born they had more stress than first-born, but after adjusted for variable factors in multivariable logistic regression, birth order had no relationship with stress significantly.

This study offers data for the development of intervention programs to adolescent related to birth order, and further study is necessary in order to clarify adolescent’s relationship between birth order and stress and individual outcomes.