STRESS

Original Articles

A Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale-Short Form: A Community Sample of Adults: Yeongeun Kim, Jini Tae, Yoonhyoung Lee, Kiho Park, Wonhye Lee; STRESS. 2024;32(4):214-220. Published online December 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.4.214

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Abstract PDF: Background
The behavioral activation method is a short-term, evidence-based approach that promotes functional activation by reinforcing adaptive behaviors and eliminating avoidance behaviors. This study aims to validate the Korean version of the Behavior Activation for Depression Scale-Short Form (K-BADS-SF) among Korean community adults, providing an objective measure of behavioral activation.
Methods
A total of 471 participants, ranging in age from 18 to 69 years, completed an online survey. They filled out the K-BADS-SF and its long-form version, the K-BADS, as well as the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The K-BADS-SF was subject to a thorough psychometric evaluation, which included analyzing internal consistency, test-retest reliability, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and both convergent and discriminant validity analyses.
Results
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses show that the model fit of the K-BADS-SF improves when certain items from the original scale are moved from the activation factor to the avoidance factor.
Conclusions
The K-BADS-SF exhibits sufficient reliability and validity in the Korean community sample, confirming its effectiveness as a valuable tool for assessing behavioral activation.

Validation of the Korean Adaptation of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (K-STAXI-2): Kyum Koo Chon, Kyung Hyun Suh, Joonsuk YI, Sungwon Roh, Yongmi Lee, Sojung Kim, Euiyeon Kim, Ju Yul Lee, Aron Choi; STRESS. 2023;31(3):133-141. Published online September 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.3.133

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1 Citations

Background
This study aimed to validate the Korean adaptation of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (K-STAXI-2).
Methods
The study included a sample of 307 normal adults and 81 comparable adult patients. The data were analyzed using factor analyses, internal consistency measures, assessments of convergent and discriminant validity, t-tests between groups, and test-retest reliability.
Results
(1) Exploratory factor analyses revealed clear-cut factors for anger experience (state anger and trait anger) and anger expression (anger expression-in, anger expression-out, anger control-in, and anger control-out); (2) correlation analyses between K-STAXI-2 and the Emotional Stress Inventory demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity; (3) t-test between the patient group and the normal adults group provided additional construct validity; (4) internal consistencies of the six subscales showed a satisfactory level of reliability (α=.81 to α=.94); and (5) test-retest reliability over four weeks showed a satisfactory level of reliability.
Conclusions
The results further support the reliability and validity of the K-STAXI-2, suggesting its usefulness in various fields such as medicine, nursing, psychology, addiction, organization, education, and criminal justice.

Citations

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A Multinational Comparison Study of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety, Depression, and Anger Item Bank in the General Population
Jiseon Lee, Yeonjung Lim, Dong Gi Seo, Minji K. Lee, Benjamin D. Schalet, Felix Fischer, Matthias Rose, Danbee Kang, Juhee Cho
International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

A Validation Study of the Korean Version of the Contextual Illness Support Scale: Dong Hee Jeong, Bong-Jin Hahm, Yeong Wook Song, Eun-Jung Shim; STRESS. 2020;28(4):269-275. Published online December 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2020.28.4.269

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103 Download
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Background

Although social support for patients with chronic illnesses buffers the detrimental impacts of stress, if it is not provided appropriately, it can be a source of stress. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Contextual Illness Support Scale (K-CISS) for patients with rheumatoid disease.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey containing measures on social support, depression, anxiety, and quality of life was conducted with patients with rheumatoid disease (N=323).

Results

The construct validity was supported by the results of the exploratory structural equation modeling, confirming the original two-factor model (positive and problematic support) and significant correlations between these two factors and health-related variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, and quality of life). The concurrent validity was supported by the significant positive correlation between positive and social support that was measured by the Korean version of the DUKE-UNC functional social support questionnaire. The internal consistency of the K-CISS was satisfactory, with Cronbach’s α values of .96 and .72 for the subscales.

Conclusions

These results suggest that K-CISS is a reliable and valid measure of two aspects of social support.

Citations

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Is fear of disease progression associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence in persons with HIV/AIDS?
Chan-Woo Yeom, Hyeju Ha, Bong-Jin Hahm, Sun Hee Lee, Nam Joong Kim, Eun-Jung Shim
Journal of Health Psychology.2024; 29(9): 976. CrossRef

The Development and Validation of the Relational Need Scales: Soo-Hyun Kang, Jung-Ho Kim, Mirihae Kim; STRESS. 2019;27(1):107-116. Published online March 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2019.27.1.107

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39 Download

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Background:
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the relational need scale. Based on previous studies, we presumed that relational need is comprised of the two independent concepts of approch and avoidance.
Methods:
The preliminary items were selected through a series of processes and they were analyzed in terms of item content, response distribution and correlations with other measures. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed that approach and avoidance concepts were independent from each other.
Results:
As a result, the relational need scale was developed, consisting of 6 approach-type items for the relational need subscale and 11 items for the avoidance-type subscale. The two subscales are each subsumed by a one-factor model and a three-factor model, respectively. Specifically, the approach- type subscale has subfactors of ‘Intimate relationship tendency,’ whereas the avoidance-type subscale has the subfactors of ‘sensitivity to others evaluations,’ ‘sensitive to negative evaluations,’ and ‘awareness for others.’
Conclusions:
The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and criterion-related validity of the scales were found to be adequate. This study revealed that the Korean version of relational need scale is reliable and valid. Finally, implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future studies are discussed.

Development and Validation of Short Form of the Normal Depression Scale for Individual Screening: Soonmook Lee, Jong-Nam Kim, Jungmin Chae, Seungwon Choi, Dong Gi Seo; STRESS. 2018;26(4):277-289. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2018.26.4.277

2,407 View
73 Download
2 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background:

The purpose of this study is to develop a short form of the normal depression scale for individual use in the school, health, industry, organization, and counseling settings, based on the original normal depression scale (17 items).

Methods:

To achieve this purpose, we selected five items from the original test and analyzed data using Mplus 7.4 and SPSS 21.0.

Results:

The normal depression scale-short form consists of 5 items. The reliability of the short form (test-retest reliability) was good. The content validity and internal structure validity (1 factor model) were verified. The cut score between normal and dysfunctional depression was determined to be 18.

Conclusions:

The normal depression scale-short form for individual screening is verified to have good reliability and validity, so it is expected to be useful to perform quick screening of normal depression in the practical settings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Development of a cyberbullying victimization scale for adolescents in South Korea
JongSerl Chun, Jinyung Kim, Serim Lee
Children and Youth Services Review.2023; 144: 106744. CrossRef
Comparative Genomics of Korean Infectious Bronchitis Viruses (IBVs) and an Animal Model to Evaluate Pathogenicity of IBVs to the Reproductive Organs
Seung-Min Hong, Hyuk-Joon Kwon, Il-Hwan Kim, Mei-Lan Mo, Jae-Hong Kim
Viruses.2012; 4(11): 2670. CrossRef

Development of the Clinical Short-Form Positive Resources Test: Hyu Jung Huh, Sun-Young Kim, Jung-A Min, Jeong-Ho Chae; STRESS. 2018;26(2):77-87. Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2018.26.2.77

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55 Download
5 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background:

The present study aimed to develop a brief tool for assessing individual’s positive resource in clinical setting. The Positive Resources Test is a self-report questionnaire that measures 5 multi-dementional positive resources and comprises of 23 items, each rated on a 5-point scale.

Methods:

Literature searching and delphi survey were performed for making preliminary items, consulting and selecting final items. In order to test validity and reliability of the finally selected 23 items, data were collected from 546 adults. The measures included a variety of positive psychological scales.

Results:

The result of exploratory factor analysis of Positive Resources Test suggested 5 factor structures. The Positive Resources Test was shown to have acceptable psychometric porperties, including acceptable internal consistency reliabilities, factorial validity, and high convergent correlations.

Conclusions:

Although there is room for improvement for some facet scales, the Positive Resources Test appears to be useful tool for assessing individual’s positive resources.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Correlates of burnout among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea
Soyoon Hwang, Ki Tae Kwon, So Hee Lee, Shin-Woo Kim, Hyun-Ha Chang, Yoonjung Kim, Sohyun Bae, Hae Suk Cheong, Se Yoon Park, Bongyoung Kim, Shinwon Lee, Jiho Park, Sang Taek Heo, Won Sup Oh, Yeonjae Kim, Kyung-Hwa Park, Chang Kyung Kang, NamHee Oh, Su Jin
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effect of Positive Psychology Based Employee Assistance Program (EAP) on Burnout and Stress of Social Worker
Yena Park, Ji-Eun Lee, Jeong-Woo Choi, Se-kyoung Kim, Jeong-Ho Chae
Journal of Social Science.2021; 32(3): 43. CrossRef
Perceived Stress, Positive Resources and Their Interactions as Possible Related Factors for Depressive Symptoms
Hyu Jung Huh, Kyung Hee Kim, Hee-Kyung Lee, Bo Ram Jeong, Ji Hyun Hwang, Jeong-Ho Chae
Psychiatry Investigation.2021; 18(1): 59. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Burnout among Healthcare Workers during an Outbreak of MERS
Yae Eun Seo, Hyun Chung Kim, So Young Yoo, Kang Uk Lee, Hae Woo Lee, So Hee Lee
Psychiatry Investigation.2020; 17(7): 674. CrossRef
Frontal Alpha Asymmetry, Heart Rate Variability, and Positive Resources in Bereaved Family Members with Suicidal Ideation after the Sewol Ferry Disaster
Kuk-In Jang, Sangmin Lee, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jeong-Ho Chae
Psychiatry Investigation.2018; 15(12): 1168. CrossRef

Development and Validation of the Korean Dysfunctional Depression Scale: Jong Nam Kim, Soonmook Lee, Seungwon Choi, Jungmin Chae, Dong Gi Seo, Heon Jeong Lee, Eun Soo Won; STRESS. 2018;26(2):103-114. Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2018.26.2.103

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64 Download
3 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background:

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the Korean dysfunctional depression scale, which measures pathological depression including subclinical depression and clinical depression.

Methods:

To achieve this purpose, we collected data from patients diagnosed as having depressive disorder and clients with chief complaints related to depression, and 360 data were analyzed.

Results:

Using item linkage methods, we decided 20 items as a dysfunctional depression scale for group research. The results of reliability verification show high internal consistency and stable test-retest reliability. In addition, the result of factor validity demonstrates general factor and two specific factors-the first specific factor is ‘the physical-somatic factor’ and the second specific factor is ‘the pessimistic cognition and alienation factor’. Convergent validity was also confirmed good. Lastly, this study performed standard setting workshop consisting of content experts to decide cut-scores of dysfunctional depression scale. Through the workshop, the standard cut-score of normal-subclinical depression was decided as 44 and the standard cut-score of subclinical-clinical depression was decided as 58. The classification consistency and accuracy indices were to validate standard cut-scores.

Conclusions:

This Korean dysfunctional depression scale is verified to have high reliability and validity.

Citations

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Developing Factors of Adult Learners’ College Life Adaptation and a Test Questionnaire Using Delphi Surveys
Hea Kyoung Eun, Eun Kyung Lee, Jamyoung Yi, Yujin Choi
Journal of Lifelong Learning Society.2024; 20(3): 114. CrossRef
Psychometric Methods and Validation of Short Form for the Psychological Scale: Based on the Korean dysfunctional depression scale
Dong gi Seo, Soonmook Lee, Jong-Nam Kim, Seungwon Choi, Jungmin Chae, Sunho Jung, SunKyung Cho, MyungKi Kim, Ebesutani Chad
THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY : GENERAL.2019; 38(1): 75. CrossRef
Development of Submodules of the Korean Dysfunctional Depression Scale: A Preliminary Study
Jong Nam Kim, Seungwon Choi, Sunho Jung, Heon Jeong Lee, Chul-Hyun Cho, Saebom Park, Da Eun Kim
Stress.2018; 26(3): 173. CrossRef

Korean Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (K-MAIA): Development and Validation: Wan-Suk Gim, Kyo-Lin Sim, Ok-Kyung Cho; Korean J Str Res. 2016;24(3):177-192. Published online September 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2016.24.3.177

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14 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

In this study, based on a critical review of the 32-item Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (Mehling, Price, Daubenmier, Acree, Bartmess & Stewart, 2012; MAIA), a 32-item Korean edition of MAIA was developed in a pilot study and validated in two studies. In a pilot study, the 32 items of MAIA were adapted to Korean language, then administered to 253 adults for item analysis. Based on the results on item discrimination, internal consistency, and exploratory factor analysis, the scale was revised and reconstructed. In the study 1, the scale was administered to 295 adults; reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed, and correlation coefficients with other related scales were examined. In addition, interoceptive awareness was compared among groups with varying experiences in training related to interoceptive awareness. In the study 2, the scale was administered to 223 adults; confirmatory factor analysis was performed. Results showed that the Korean edition of MAIA with a total of 32 items and six factors had sufficient reliability and validity, demonstrating a high reliability based on internal consistency of .94, theoretically consistent levels of correlation coefficients with other scales, and satisfactory construct validity. The study concludes with discussions on implications and limitations of the study.

Citations

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Czech Version of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA): Psychometric Evaluation and Network Model
Adam Klocek, Tomáš Řiháček, Hynek Cígler
Mindfulness.2025; 16(2): 403. CrossRef
The Relationship Between Interoceptive Awareness, Emotion Regulation and Clinical Symptoms Severity of Depression, Anxiety and Somatization
Su Jin Lee, Mimi Lee, Hyeong Beom Kim, Hyu Jung Huh
Psychiatry Investigation.2024; 21(3): 255. CrossRef
The association between interoception and olfactory affective responses
Tomohiro Arai, Tomoko Komano, Taro Munakata, Hideki Ohira
Biological Psychology.2024; : 108878. CrossRef
Body Awareness in Patients With Depression and/or Anxiety Disorder
Su Jin Lee, Hyeong Beom Kim, Hyu Jung Huh
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association.2023; 62(1): 63. CrossRef
Pilot Study About the Effects of the Soma Experiencing Motion (Soma e-Motion) Program on Interoceptive Awareness and Self-Compassion
Mi-Sun Lee, Sun Je Kim, Jeong-Ho Chae, Soo-Young Bhang, Mimi Lee, Hyeong Beom Kim, Hyu Jung Huh
Psychiatry Investigation.2023; 20(3): 284. CrossRef
Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness (MAIA-2) questionnaire in a non-clinical sample of Arabic-speaking adults
Feten Fekih-Romdhane, Diana Malaeb, Mirna Fawaz, Nancy Chammas, Michel Soufia, Sahar Obeid, Souheil Hallit
BMC Psychiatry.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Validation of the shortened 24-item multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness, version 2 (Brief MAIA-2)
Aleksandra M. Rogowska, Rafał Tataruch, Klaudia Klimowska
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Interoceptive Awareness Among the General Public in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Ebtihaj Omar Fallata, Kadeja Abdulrahman Bashekah, Reem Mohammed Alqahtani, Sohaib Essam Althagafi, Mohammed Hisham Bardesi, Abdulaziz Mustafa Adnan, Mohammed Ali Alfaqih, Abdulrahman Mauafaq Aljifri, Hind Mauafaq Aljifri
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Open-Label Placebo Treatment for Experimental Pain: A Randomized-Controlled Trial with Placebo Acupuncture and Placebo Pills
Seoyoung Lee, Dha-Hyun Choi, Minyoung Hong, In-Seon Lee, Younbyoung Chae
Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine.2022; 28(2): 136. CrossRef
Multidimensional assessment of ınteroceptive awareness (MAIA 2): psychometric properties of the Turkish version
Saliha ÖZPINAR, Emre DUNDER, Yaşar DEMİR, Melih AKYOL
Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2021; 4(2): 132. CrossRef
Translation and validation of a Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) version of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA)
Jennifer Todd, David Barron, Jane E. Aspell, Evelyn Kheng Lin Toh, Hanoor Syahirah Zahari, Nor Azzatunnisak Mohd. Khatib, Viren Swami, Yee Cheng Kueh
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(4): e0231048. CrossRef
Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness: Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version
Joana Machorrinho, Guida Veiga, Jorge Fernandes, Wolf Mehling, José Marmeleira
Perceptual and Motor Skills.2019; 126(1): 87. CrossRef
Investigating Multidimensional Interoceptive Awareness in a Japanese Population: Validation of the Japanese MAIA-J
Masayasu Shoji, Wolf E. Mehling, Martin Hautzinger, Beate M. Herbert
Frontiers in Psychology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mindaugas Baranauskas, Aida Grabauskaitė, Inga Griškova-Bulanova
Physiology & Behavior.2017; 180: 1. CrossRef

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