1충남대학교 심리학과 박사과정
2광주과학기술원 인문사회과학부 교수
3충남대학교 심리학과 석사과정
4충남대학교 심리학과 교수
1Doctoral Student, Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
2Professor, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
3Master’s Student, Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
4Professor, Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
Copyright © 2025 Korean Society of Stress Medicine.
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1)본 연구는 사회적 상호작용 불안에 초점을 두고 외로움과의 관계를 규명하고자 하나, 기존의 연구들은 주로 수행 불안을 포함한 포괄적인 사회불안을 측정하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문의 문헌 리뷰에서도 기존 연구의 원래 용어인 ‘사회불안’을 유지하되, 본 연구의 중심 개념은 구체적으로 ‘사회적 상호작용 불안’임을 명확히 한다.
2)연령집단(중년: 60세 미만; 노인: 60세 이상) 간 독립표본 t검정 결과, 다음 변인들에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 확인되었다. 외로움의 고립 요인과 스트레스는 중년이 노인보다 높았으며(고립: M중년=10.03, M노인=8.84, t(578)=2.24, p=.026; 스트레스: M중년=9.46, M노인=8.77, t(578)=2.47, p=.014), 자기통제력은 중년집단이 유의하게 낮았다(M중년=37.81, M노인=39.55, t(578)=−3.69, p<.001). 그 외 주요 변인에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.
Conflicts of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Funding
This research was supported in part by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2020S1A3A2A02103899).
1 | 1-1 | 1-2 | 1-3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Loneliness | - | ||||||
1-1. Isolation | .87a) | - | |||||
1-2. Relation loneliness | .81a) | .45a) | - | ||||
1-3. Collective loneliness | .73a) | .36a) | .77a) | - | |||
2. Social interaction anxiety | .53a) | .48a) | .39a) | .40a) | - | ||
3. Self control | −.50a) | −.46a) | −.38a) | −.37a) | −.43a) | - | |
4. Stress | .47a) | .41a) | .37a) | .35a) | .45a) | −.39a) | - |
M | 18.98 | 9.40 | 5.21 | 4.37 | 3.22 | 38.73 | 9.10 |
SD | 10.14 | 6.41 | 3.39 | 2.49 | 2.99 | 5.71 | 3.34 |
Skewness | 0.28 | 0.64 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 1.33 | 0.06 | 1.48 |
Kurtosis | 0.02 | 0.26 | −0.35 | −0.01 | 2.69 | 0.27 | 3.87 |
Variable | Category | n | % |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 318 | 54.8 |
Female | 262 | 45.2 | |
Education | Elementary school | 11 | 1.9 |
Middle school | 21 | 3.6 | |
High school | 255 | 44.0 | |
Junior College | 98 | 16.9 | |
Senior College | 144 | 24.8 | |
Graduate school or above | 51 | 8.8 | |
Marriage | Single | 29 | 5.0 |
Married/living with Partner | 470 | 81.0 | |
Separated/divorced | 66 | 11.4 | |
Bereavement | 15 | 2.6 | |
Living alone | Yes | 41 | 7.1 |
No | 539 | 92.9 | |
Child | Yes | 527 | 90.9 |
No | 53 | 9.1 | |
Job | Yes | 455 | 78.4 |
No | 125 | 21.6 | |
Monthly income (The Korean won) | Under 2,000 thousand | 150 | 25.9 |
2,000∼3,000 thousand | 140 | 24.1 | |
3,000∼4,000 thousand | 121 | 20.9 | |
4,000∼5,000 thousand | 78 | 13.4 | |
5,000∼6,000 thousand | 40 | 6.9 | |
Over 6,000 thousand | 51 | 8.8 | |
Religion | Yes | 294 | 50.7 |
No | 286 | 49.3 | |
Chronic disease | Yes | 281 | 48.4 |
No | 299 | 51.6 |
1 | 1-1 | 1-2 | 1-3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Loneliness | - | ||||||
1-1. Isolation | .87 |
- | |||||
1-2. Relation loneliness | .81 |
.45 |
- | ||||
1-3. Collective loneliness | .73 |
.36 |
.77 |
- | |||
2. Social interaction anxiety | .53 |
.48 |
.39 |
.40 |
- | ||
3. Self control | −.50 |
−.46 |
−.38 |
−.37 |
−.43 |
- | |
4. Stress | .47 |
.41 |
.37 |
.35 |
.45 |
−.39 |
- |
M | 18.98 | 9.40 | 5.21 | 4.37 | 3.22 | 38.73 | 9.10 |
SD | 10.14 | 6.41 | 3.39 | 2.49 | 2.99 | 5.71 | 3.34 |
Skewness | 0.28 | 0.64 | 0.24 | 0.28 | 1.33 | 0.06 | 1.48 |
Kurtosis | 0.02 | 0.26 | −0.35 | −0.01 | 2.69 | 0.27 | 3.87 |
Estimate | Boot SE | Bootstrapping 95% CI |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
LLCI | ULCI | |||
Total effect | 0.092 | 0.014 | 0.069 | 0.122 |
Direct effect | 0.044 | 0.018 | 0.012 | 0.083 |
Total indirect effect | 0.048 | 0.010 | 0.029 | 0.069 |
Indirect effect 1 | 0.031 | 0.008 | 0.017 | 0.046 |
Indirect effect 2 | 0.011 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.023 |
Indirect effect 3 | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.012 |
p<.001. M: mean, SD: standard deviation.
Indirect effect 1: Loneliness → Social interaction anxiety → Stress. Indirect effect 2: Loneliness → Self control → Stress. Indirect effect 3: Loneliness → Social interaction anxiety → Self control → Stress.