1. Stressors contributing to suicidal ideation and behavior |
Academic and career paths |
Failure and frustration |
Typical |
15 (62.5) |
A sense of academic or career-related pressure |
Variant |
8 (33.3) |
Feeling lost in one’s academic and career path |
Variant |
6 (25.0) |
Social relationship |
Social isolation |
Typical |
20 (83.3) |
Conflicts with family, friends, or acquaintances |
Typical |
16 (66.7) |
Suffering by comparing oneself to others |
Typical |
13 (54.2) |
Difficulties building and maintaining relationships |
Typical |
13 (54.2) |
History and socio-environment |
A history of self-harm or suicide attempt |
Typical |
13 (54.2) |
Traumatic life events |
Typical |
12 (50.0) |
Cumulative stress |
Typical |
12 (50.0) |
Socio-environmental stressors |
Variant |
10 (41.7) |
2. Responses to stressors |
Affective |
Negative emotional experiences |
General |
24 (100.0) |
Emotional and behavioral dysregulation |
Variant |
11 (45.8) |
Psychiatric disorder or related symptoms |
Variant |
10 (41.7) |
Loss of interest/pleasure |
Variant |
6 (25.0) |
Cognitive |
Negative thoughts about self |
Typical |
20 (83.3) |
Negative thoughts about future |
Typical |
19 (79.2) |
Maladaptive cognitive style |
Typical |
14 (58.3) |
Loss of meaning in life or reason to live |
Variant |
10 (41.7) |
Physical |
Lack of energy, burnout |
Typical |
14 (58.3) |
Sleep problems |
Variant |
7 (29.2) |
Concentration difficulties |
Variant |
3 (12.5) |
Digestive problems |
Variant |
3 (12.5) |
3. Coping with stressors |
Unable to cope |
Lack of awareness of the cause of suffering |
Variant |
10 (41.7) |
Lack of knowledge about how to relieve distress |
Variant |
7 (29.2) |
Maladaptive coping strategies |
Avoiding the issues |
Variant |
10 (41.7) |
Holding back one’s stress |
Variant |
6 (25.0) |
Hiding negative true self |
Variant |
4 (16.7) |
Drug or alcohol use |
Variant |
3 (12.5) |
Blaming other or environment |
Variant |
3 (12.5) |
Adaptive coping strategies |
Seeking social support |
Variant |
5 (20.8) |
Participating in hobbies or sports |
Variant |
5 (20.8) |
Trying to solve the problem |
Variant |
3 (12.5) |
4. Characteristics of suicidal ideation and behavior |
Presentations of suicidal ideation |
Losing one’s will to live |
Variant |
8 (33.3) |
Having doubts about trying to live |
Variant |
8 (33.3) |
Ambivalence about life and death |
Variant |
5 (20.8) |
Wanting to die |
Variant |
3 (12.5) |
Wanting to disappear |
Variant |
3 (12.5) |
Functions of suicidal behavior |
Escaping the harsh reality of life |
Variant |
10 (41.7) |
Manipulating others |
Variant |
6 (25.0) |
Deterrents to suicide attempt |
Lack of capability |
Typical |
14 (58.3) |
Concerns about family and friends |
Variant |
8 (33.3) |
Social support |
Variant |
8 (33.3) |
Hope for the future |
Variant |
3 (12.5) |