원광대학교 의과대학외과
원광대학교 의과대학 간호학과
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Variables | n | % | Mean±SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 38 | 36.5 | |
Female | 66 | 63.5 | ||
Age | 60~69 | 29 | 27.9 | 74.13±6.79 |
70~79 | 54 | 51.9 | ||
Over 80 | 21 | 20.2 | ||
Marriage | Married | 73 | 70.2 | |
Others | 31 | 29.8 | ||
Education | None | 18 | 17.3 | |
Elementary school | 48 | 46.2 | ||
Middle school | 20 | 19.2 | ||
Over high school | 18 | 17.3 | ||
Job | No | 81 | 77.9 | |
Yes | 23 | 22.1 | ||
Religion | No | 47 | 45.2 | |
Yes | 57 | 54.8 | ||
Residence | Single | 28 | 26.9 | |
With spouse | 59 | 56.7 | ||
With children | 14 | 13.5 | ||
Other | 3 | 2.9 | ||
Main career | Spouse | 43 | 41.3 | |
Son & daughter | 51 | 49.0 | ||
Care giver | 5 | 4.8 | ||
Other | 5 | 4.8 | ||
Aids | None | 58 | 55.8 | |
Glasses | 26 | 25.0 | ||
Hearing aids | 4 | 3.8 | ||
Other | 16 | 15.4 | ||
Smoking | No | 98 | 94.2 | |
Yes | 6 | 5.8 | ||
Alcohol | No | 87 | 83.7 | |
Yes | 17 | 16.3 | ||
Sleeping pill | No | 98 | 94.2 | |
Yes | 6 | 5.8 | ||
Disease | No | 26 | 25.0 | |
Yes | 78 | 75.0 | ||
Disease name a) (n=78) | Hypertension | 61 | 78.2 | |
Diabetes melitus | 24 | 30.8 | ||
Heart disease | 8 | 10.3 | ||
Stroke | 3 | 3.8 | ||
Others | 14 | 17.9 | ||
Operation Hx | No | 26 | 25.0 | |
Yes | 78 | 75.0 | ||
Health | Bad | 33 | 31.7 | |
Usual | 37 | 35.6 | ||
Good | 34 | 32.7 | ||
Anesthesia | General | 44 | 42.3 | |
Spinal | 60 | 57.7 |
Variables | n | % | M±SD |
---|---|---|---|
Cognition | 24.85±4.51 | ||
Normal | 70 | 67.3 | |
Mid cognitive impairment | 26 | 25.0 | |
Dementia | 8 | 7.7 | |
Depression | 5.27±1.80 | ||
Normal | 21 | 20.2 | |
Depression | 83 | 79.8 |
Variables | Cognition M±SD | t/F | p | Depression M±SD | t/F | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 26.82±3.10 | 3.989 | <.001** | 4.95±1.75 | −1.393 | .167 |
Female | 23.71±4.82 | 5.45±1.81 | |||||
Age | 60~69a | 27.24±2.86 | 7.348 | .001** (a>b) | 5.17±1.77 | .082 | .921 |
70~79b | 24.35±4.59 | 5.28±1.76 | |||||
Over 80b | 22.81±4.95 | 5.38±1.97 | |||||
Marriage | Married | 25.70±4.06 | 3.074 | .003** | 5.04±1.67 | −1.878 | .066 |
Others | 22.84±4.95 | 5.81±1.99 | |||||
Education | Nonea | 20.56±5.16 | 11.613 | <.001** (a<b<c) | 5.72±1.76 | 1.901 | .134 |
Elementary schoolb | 24.60±3.92 | 5.46±1.74 | |||||
Middle schoolc | 27.30±3.42 | 5.15±1.98 | |||||
Over high schoolc | 27.06±4.51 | 4.44±1.62 | |||||
Job | No | 24.37±4.63 | 2.048 | .043* | 5.27±1.84 | .025 | .980 |
Yes | 26.52±3.69 | 5.26±1.68 | |||||
Religion | No | 24.81±4.41 | .077 | .939 | 5.49±1.60 | −1.136 | .259 |
Yes | 24.88±4.64 | 5.08±1.94 | |||||
Residence | Singlea | 23.86±5.27 | 6.228 | .001** (a<b) | 5.60±2.13 | 1.224 | .305 |
With spouseb | 26.25±3.45 | 4.98±1.51 | |||||
With son & daughtera | 21.86±4.99 | 5.79±2.01 | |||||
Othera | 20.33±1.53 | 5.33±2.52 | |||||
Main career | Spousea | 26.72±3.28 | 6.146 | .001** (a>b) | 4.91±1.67 | 1.128 | .342 |
Son & daughterb | 23.14±4.91 | 5.59±1.79 | |||||
Care giver | 24.00±3.61 | 5.20±7.65 | |||||
Other | 27.00±4.00 | 5.20±1.10 | |||||
Aids | Nonea | 24.31±4.49 | 1.846 | .144 | 5.62±1.64 | 3.304 | .023* (a>b) |
Glassesb | 26.50±4.27 | 4.65±1.79 | |||||
Hearing aidsb | 26.00±1.83 | 3.50±2.38 | |||||
Other | 23.81±5.01 | 5.44±1.86 | |||||
Smoking | No | 24.71±4.58 | 1.206 | .230 | 5.34±1.70 | −.948 | .385 |
Yes | 27.00±2.53 | 4.17±2.99 | |||||
Alcohol | No | 24.52±4.61 | 1.696 | .093 | 5.29±1.74 | −.232 | .817 |
Yes | 26.53±3.66 | 5.18±2.12 | |||||
Sleeping pill | No | 24.83±4.29 | .105 | .921 | 5.24±1.82 | −.556 | .579 |
Yes | 25.17±7.88 | 5.67±1.51 | |||||
Disease | No | 25.23±4.76 | −.500 | .618 | 5.31±1.96 | −.125 | .900 |
Yes | 24.72±4.45 | 5.26±1.75 | |||||
Operation Hx | No | 24.81±4.72 | .050 | .960 | 4.50±1.88 | 2.590 | .011* |
Yes | 24.86±4.47 | 5.53±1.70 | |||||
Health | Bada | 24.12±5.35 | .924 | .400 | 5.94±2.10 | 3.954 | .022* (a>b) |
Usual | 24.78±4.15 | 5.14±1.57 | |||||
Goodb | 24.62±3.98 | 4.76±1.54 | |||||
Anesthesia | General | 25.41±4.25 | 1.090 | .278 | 5.11±1.67 | −.755 | .452 |
Spinal | 24.43±4.69 | 5.38±1.89 |
Depression r (p) | |
---|---|
Cognition | −.311 (.001)** |
Variables | β | SE | Wals | p | OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | .027 | .045 | .350 | .554 | 1.027 | .940~1.112 |
Pre Operation Delirium (ref. yes) | −1.215 | 1.192 | 1.040 | .308 | .297 | .029~3.066 |
Anesthesia (ref. spinal) | −.195 | .586 | .110 | .740 | .823 | .261~2.594 |
Depression | .194 | .162 | 1.444 | .229 | 1.215 | .885~1.667 |
Cognition | −.167 | .068 | 5.929 | .015 | .846* | .740~.968 |
Constant | .805 | 4.718 | .029 | .865 | 2.237 |