STRESS

Volume 32(2); June 2024

Original Articles

Development and Preliminary Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Counseling Program as Part of Comprehensive Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Pilot Study: Ji Young Jung, Min Jung Kim, Sol Bin Yoon, Hyo Jin Kim, Jin A Yoo, Mi Kyung Lee, Sang Hee Shin, Justin Y. Jeon, Sung Nim Han, Jung Eun Lee, Chan Joo Lee, Jong Young Lee, Ick-Mo Chung, Jong Nam Kim; STRESS. 2024;32(2):53-65. Published online June 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.2.53

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Abstract PDF: Background
While psychological intervention is recognized as a core component of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), its application in CR remains limited. This study aimed to develop a psychological counseling program (the Mindfulness-Based Counseling Program [MBCP]) as a component of comprehensive CR for the patients with cardiovascular disease and to explore its preliminary efficacy.
Methods
We developed a psychological counseling program (MBCP) as part of comprehensive CR. The MBCP consisted of six-week psychological counseling and mindfulness practice. Through this program, we aimed to promote health maintenance behaviors and stress management. Thirteen subjects with either acute myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure with reduced EF (≤40%) participated, randomized into either comprehensive CR including MBCP (n=7) or exercise-based CR (n=6). Psychological-status assessments included life satisfaction (DSQ), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), type D personality, and stress (PSS).
Results
The comprehensive CR group (n=7) experienced a significant decrease in anxiety and improvements in general health and mental aspects of HRQoL. The exercise CR group (n=6) experienced reduced depression and significantly increased mental aspects of HRQoL. Additionally, the overall satisfaction and participation rate for MBCP was high.
Conclusions
The MBCP developed in this study showed preliminary efficacy for CR and is anticipated to enhance psychological wellbeing and the quality of life among cardiac patients.

Academic Mental Health and Stress Mindset among High School Students: Job Demands-Resources Model: Ji-Eon Kim, Hyo-Shim Cho, Tae-Hyung Kwon, Eun-Young Kim, Ochir Erdenezaya Tsogt, Soohyun Cho; STRESS. 2024;32(2):66-73. Published online June 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.2.66

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study aimed to identify stress mindset as an intervention factor for academic stress management within the framework of the Job Demands-Resources Model. We investigated the role of a stress mindset in the relationship between academic demands, resources, burnout, engagement as academic mental health.
Methods
From the perspective of academic interpersonal perceptions, 391 first- and second-year high school students were analyzed using a structural equation model consisting of observed variables with demands and resources from parents, teachers, and peers.
Results
The low-stress mindset group showed a significant pathway from academic demands to academic burnout. The high-stress mindset group demonstrated pathways from academic resources to academic burnout and engagement.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the significance of a stress mindset in enhancing the academic mental health of high school students.

Stress and Coping of Self-Quarantined People Focusing on Negative Cases of the Coronavirus Disease: A Qualitative Study: Kyung Im Kang, Chanhee Kim, Min Hye Lee; STRESS. 2024;32(2):74-84. Published online June 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.2.74

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Abstract PDF: Background
In South Korea, many people have experienced self-quarantine due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study explored stress, coping, and post-quarantine changes among people who were self-quarantined because of close contact but tested negative for COVID-19 in the early days of the pandemic.
Methods
Qualitative interviews were conducted with four focus groups, each comprising five people. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.
Results
Three categories of stress and coping during self-quarantine and post-quarantine changes emerged. First, the category of content related to stress comprised “problems that are difficult to handle alone.” The subcategories were “painful body and mind,” “the experience of being in a jail without bars,” and “repeated internal and external conflicts.” Second, the category for various stress-coping methods was labeled “struggling my way,” and the subcategories were “coping methods that helped me overcome” and “coping methods that added difficulty.” Finally, the category for changes after self-quarantine was labeled “more mature me.” The subcategories involved “thorough observation of infection prevention measures in daily life,” “living together,” and “a new realization of life.”
Conclusions
Our findings contribute toward developing online or offline health programs to help individuals who self-quarantined but tested negative for infectious diseases, allowing them to feel confident to self-quarantine in good health.

Influence of the Negative Life Changes Experienced after Becoming Single Mothers on Parenting Stress: Focusing on the Moderated Mediation Effect of Depression by Low-Income Status: RaeHyuck Lee; STRESS. 2024;32(2):85-93. Published online June 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.2.85

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study examines the influence of negative life changes experienced after becoming single mothers and their influence on parenting stress, focusing on the moderated mediation effect of depression influenced by low-income status.
Methods
The research questions were tested by using raw data from the Survey of Single-parent Families and applying the PROCESS macro method.
Results
First, the negative life changes experienced after becoming single mothers were found to positively and significantly influence parenting stress. Second, a partial mediation effect was observed: The levels of negative life changes increased the levels of depression, which, in turn, increased the levels of parenting stress. Third, the mediating effect of depression on the relationship between single mothers’ negative life changes and parenting stress was more pronounced for those with low income compared to those with medium and high income.
Conclusions
This study suggests strategies to address single mothers’ parenting stress.

Trauma-Informed Care for Children: A Scoping Review: Kyung-Sook Bang, Ji-Hye Choe, Sinyoung Choi, Yeseul Jeong, Sungjae Kim; STRESS. 2024;32(2):94-103. Published online June 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.2.94

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Abstract PDF: Background
Trauma-informed care involves providing services to traumatized patients with an understanding of and sensitivity to their experiences. This scoping review examines the literature concerning trauma-informed care for children.
Methods
We conducted a comprehensive literature search across domestic (RISS, NDSL, KISS, and DBpia) and international (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) databases. The search terms were “trauma,” “PTSD,” “trauma-informed,” “trauma-focused,” “trauma-sensitive,” “newborn,” “neonate,” “premature infant,” “infant,” “child,” “adolescent,” “teen,” “juvenile,” “adolescence,” “pediatric,” and “nursing”. The final selection comprised 18 documents that were analyzed for general characteristics (publication year, study country, academic sector, research design, and data collection method), population demographics, variables, and measurement tools.
Results
Literature on this topic considerably increased since 2017, with the United States being the predominant research hub (50.0%) and nursing representing the primary academic sector (55.6%). The research designs were mainly quantitative (33.3%) and mixed-method studies (33.3%). Quantitative studies predominantly utilized surveys, while qualitative research employed observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Most of the participants were nurses, doctors, and allied health professionals. As a result of analyzing the main variables measured in the literature through WordCloud, variables such as “stress,” “care,” and “knowledge” had the highest frequency. Three studies incorporated or adapted tools to assess trauma-informed care.
Conclusions
The findings of this review serve as foundational data for proposing future research trajectories in trauma-informed care and for enhancing awareness and strategic planning in clinical practice.

Effect of Emotional Regulation Strategies on Psychological Distress in Obsessive-Compulsive Tendency: Woo-Jin Cha, Myoung-Ho Hyun; STRESS. 2024;32(2):104-110. Published online June 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.2.104

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study examined the effects of emotion regulation strategies on psychological distress in individuals with obsessive-compulsive tendencies.
Methods
A total of 339 adults completed online and offline surveys administered to determine the level of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Among them, 56 were categorized into the obsessive-compulsive tendency group and randomly assigned to the reappraisal, acceptance, and suppression groups, where each participated in emotion regulation strategy training. Their psychological distress was assessed before and after the training.
Results
The results of the repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the main effects of neither group nor time were significant, but the interaction between group and time was significant. The acceptance group showed a significant decrease in psychological distress post-training, whereas the suppression group showed a significant increase. The reappraisal group showed no significant changes in psychological distress before and after the training.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the acceptance strategy was especially effective and adaptive in reducing psychological distress. These findings expand our understanding of emotion regulation strategies and have therapeutic implications. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study are discussed, presenting directions for future research.

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