STRESS

From articles published in STRESS during the past two years (2023 ~ ).

Original Articles

The Mediating Role of Smartphone Usage Time in the Relation between Stress and Anxiety among Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Eunha Jeong; STRESS. 2023;31(2):65-72. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.2.65

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Background
This study examines the mediating effect of smartphone usage time on the relationship between stress and anxiety among adolescents.
Methods
Data on 54,848 adolescents were obtained from the 17th (2021) Korea Youth Behavior Survey. The data were analyzed using PROCESS Macro Version 4.1 (Model 4) to examine the effect and significance of each path in the mediation model.
Results
There was a statistically significant direct effect of stress on anxiety. Additionally, smartphone usage time mediated the relationship between stress and anxiety, indicating a significant indirect effect.
Conclusions
The findings suggest the importance of addressing stress coping strategies and implementing effective intervention programs related to smartphone use to promote adolescents’ mental health.

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Does Stress Affect Adolescent Anxiety by Mediating Sleep Time?
Si On Jang
STRESS.2024; 32(3): 142. CrossRef
Influence of Sedentary Behavior and Smartphone Use on the Risk of Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Adolescents
Kyong Sil Park
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(4): 363. CrossRef

The Effect of Parents’ Negative Parenting Style on Aggression among Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem and Smartphone Dependency: Eun Jung Bae, Soo-Hyun Nam; STRESS. 2023;31(1):18-24. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.1.18

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study investigates the serial mediation of self-esteem and smartphone dependency in the relationship between negative parenting style and adolescents’ aggression.
Methods
We conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) and used the data of first-year middle school students. A mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes’ SPSS PROCESS Macro (Model 6).
Results
The mediation of smartphone dependency was significant in the relationship between parents’ negative parenting style and aggression, but the mediation of self-esteem was not. Negative parenting style significantly affected adolescents’ aggression through the sequential mediation of self-esteem and smartphone dependency.
Conclusions
Appropriate interventions should be prepared to help adolescents increase their self-esteem and reduce smartphone dependency, thus reducing the aggression that a negative parenting style induces.

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Correlation between Parental Hostility and Child Self-Control and Aggression
Sun Yee Yoo, Hye Young Ahn
Healthcare.2023; 11(17): 2433. CrossRef
Moderating Effects of Emotional Recognition Competency in Rejective Parenting and Adolescent Depression and Aggression
Jaeeun Shin, Sung Man Bae
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(18): 6775. CrossRef

Does Stress Affect Adolescent Anxiety by Mediating Sleep Time?: Si On Jang; STRESS. 2024;32(3):142-152. Published online September 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.3.142

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Abstract PDF

Background
Health is essential for the sustainable well-being, yet high stress, anxiety, and lack of sleep among Korean adolescents have become significant social concerns.
Methods
This study examined the impact of stress on anxiety and investigated whether sleep time mediates this relationship in 46,870 male and female adolescents, ranging from first-year of middle school students to third-year high school students. Data were obtained from the "18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey" conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.
Results
The analysis showed that increased stress was associated with reduced sleep time and higher anxiety levels, stress was found to heighten anxiety, partly by reducing sleep time.
Conclusions
Based on these findings, the study recommends: ① developing mental health indicators to quickly identify adolescents at risk for mental health issues, ② encouraging cooperation between schools, government agencies, healthcare providers to enhance access to mental health programs for adolescents, and ③ implementing policies that promote healthy behaviors, ensure adequate sleep, and improve overall well-being.

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Comparative effects of music therapy and aromatherapy on stress, quality of life, and happiness among shift nurses in Korea: a randomized controlled trial
So-heun Lee, Won-jong Kim, Eun-Hi Choi, Myung-Haeng Hur
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(4): 337. CrossRef

Trauma-Informed Care for Children: A Scoping Review: Kyung-Sook Bang, Ji-Hye Choe, Sinyoung Choi, Yeseul Jeong, Sungjae Kim; STRESS. 2024;32(2):94-103. Published online June 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.2.94

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Background
Trauma-informed care involves providing services to traumatized patients with an understanding of and sensitivity to their experiences. This scoping review examines the literature concerning trauma-informed care for children.
Methods
We conducted a comprehensive literature search across domestic (RISS, NDSL, KISS, and DBpia) and international (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) databases. The search terms were “trauma,” “PTSD,” “trauma-informed,” “trauma-focused,” “trauma-sensitive,” “newborn,” “neonate,” “premature infant,” “infant,” “child,” “adolescent,” “teen,” “juvenile,” “adolescence,” “pediatric,” and “nursing”. The final selection comprised 18 documents that were analyzed for general characteristics (publication year, study country, academic sector, research design, and data collection method), population demographics, variables, and measurement tools.
Results
Literature on this topic considerably increased since 2017, with the United States being the predominant research hub (50.0%) and nursing representing the primary academic sector (55.6%). The research designs were mainly quantitative (33.3%) and mixed-method studies (33.3%). Quantitative studies predominantly utilized surveys, while qualitative research employed observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Most of the participants were nurses, doctors, and allied health professionals. As a result of analyzing the main variables measured in the literature through WordCloud, variables such as “stress,” “care,” and “knowledge” had the highest frequency. Three studies incorporated or adapted tools to assess trauma-informed care.
Conclusions
The findings of this review serve as foundational data for proposing future research trajectories in trauma-informed care and for enhancing awareness and strategic planning in clinical practice.

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Korean nurses’ knowledge, opinions and current practice of trauma-informed pediatric nursing care in South Korea: a descriptive study
Kyung-Sook Bang, Sun Woo Hong, Hwal Lan Bang, Ji-Hye Choe, Sinyoung Choi
Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(4): 309. CrossRef

Effect of Daily Stress on School Adjustment among Children at Community Child Centers: Mediating Roles of Inattention and Social Withdrawal: RaeHyuck Lee; STRESS. 2024;32(1):1-8. Published online March 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.1.1

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Background
This study verifies the influence of daily stress on school adjustment through inattention and social withdrawal among children at community child centers.
Methods
Analyses were performed on data collected from the Child Panel Survey of the Community Child Centers, followed by a series of regression analyses.
Results
First, daily stress had a negative and significant influence on school adjustment. Second, both inattention and social withdrawal among children mediated the influence of daily stress on school adjustment. Finally, the influence of daily stress on school adjustment was serially dual-mediated through inattention and social withdrawal.
Conclusions
This study presents evidence-based strategies that could help the school adjustment of children at community child centers.

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A Phenomenological Study on Breast Cancer Survivors' Experiences of Mind Subtraction Meditation
Mi Ra Yun
Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(3): 158. CrossRef

Review Article

Non-Contact Nursing Education in Communication and Group Counseling: Current Status and Future Directions: Kuem Sun Han, Soo Yeon Lee, Ji Hye Shin; STRESS. 2023;31(4):149-157. Published online December 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.4.149

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Background
In nursing, the utilization of diverse therapeutic communication and counseling techniques is crucial for effective nursing care. This study critically evaluated the present state of therapeutic communication and counseling education for nurses so as to explore the applications of non-face-to-face educational methods and to propose potential future directions for nursing education.
Methods
This study targeted academic research published in either English or Korean between 2019 to August 2023 on the topics of communication and counseling education in nursing education.
Results
There were eight studies of non-contact education in communication or counseling published between 2019 and 2023. The review identified various educational interventions currently in use, such as online-based, blended learning, simulation, and role-play education.
Conclusions
Among the various non-contact educational approaches, education based in the Metaverse shows promise due to its ability to offer real-time supervision and a wide range of virtual scenarios. Therefore, we suggest the incorporation of the Metaverse in group counseling education to enrich the learning experience.

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The effect of virtual reality simulation on nursing students’ communication skills: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mi-Kyoung Cho, Mi Young Kim
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Validation of the Korean Adaptation of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (K-STAXI-2): Kyum Koo Chon, Kyung Hyun Suh, Joonsuk YI, Sungwon Roh, Yongmi Lee, Sojung Kim, Euiyeon Kim, Ju Yul Lee, Aron Choi; STRESS. 2023;31(3):133-141. Published online September 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.3.133

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Background
This study aimed to validate the Korean adaptation of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (K-STAXI-2).
Methods
The study included a sample of 307 normal adults and 81 comparable adult patients. The data were analyzed using factor analyses, internal consistency measures, assessments of convergent and discriminant validity, t-tests between groups, and test-retest reliability.
Results
(1) Exploratory factor analyses revealed clear-cut factors for anger experience (state anger and trait anger) and anger expression (anger expression-in, anger expression-out, anger control-in, and anger control-out); (2) correlation analyses between K-STAXI-2 and the Emotional Stress Inventory demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity; (3) t-test between the patient group and the normal adults group provided additional construct validity; (4) internal consistencies of the six subscales showed a satisfactory level of reliability (α=.81 to α=.94); and (5) test-retest reliability over four weeks showed a satisfactory level of reliability.
Conclusions
The results further support the reliability and validity of the K-STAXI-2, suggesting its usefulness in various fields such as medicine, nursing, psychology, addiction, organization, education, and criminal justice.

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A Multinational Comparison Study of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety, Depression, and Anger Item Bank in the General Population
Jiseon Lee, Yeonjung Lim, Dong Gi Seo, Minji K. Lee, Benjamin D. Schalet, Felix Fischer, Matthias Rose, Danbee Kang, Juhee Cho
International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Influence of Parenting Stress on Depression among Single Parents with Preschool Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Self-rated Health Status: RaeHyuck Lee; STRESS. 2023;31(1):37-43. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.1.37

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Background
This study aimed to verify the influence of parental stress on depression among single parents with preschool children during the COVID-19 pandemic and the moderating effect of self-rated health status.
Methods
The study conducted regression analyses with a sample of 335 single parents raising children under seven years old from the raw data of the Study on the Status of Sole-parent Families conducted by the Korean Ministry of Gender Equality and Family in 2021.
Results
Single parents’ parenting stress had a positive and significant influence on their depression, moderated by their self-rated health status. That is, the influence of parenting stress on depression was more pronounced for parents who rated their health status as not good compared with those who rated their health status as good.
Conclusions
Based on the findings, the discussion suggested interventions for dealing with depression among single parents with preschool children.

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Influence of the Negative Life Changes Experienced after Becoming Single Mothers on Parenting Stress: Focusing on the Moderated Mediation Effect of Depression by Low-Income Status
RaeHyuck Lee
STRESS.2024; 32(2): 85. CrossRef

Effects of Social Anxiety Level on Negative Interpretation Bias in Ambiguous Social Situations: Focused on Relational Intimacy: Hye Ji Yun, Myoung-Ho Hyun; STRESS. 2023;31(1):11-17. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.1.11

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Background
This study aimed to examine the differences in negative interpretation bias in ambiguous social situations according to social anxiety level and then confirm the degree of negative interpretation bias according to the relational intimacy with the interacting partner.
Methods
A total of 405 adults in their 20s completed the surveys that measured the levels of social interaction anxiety, and the highest 10% (n=30) and lowest 10% (n=30) scorers finally participated in the study. This study used a 2 (high/low social anxiety)×3 (relational intimacy: a stranger/a moderately intimate person/a very intimate person) factorial design. The study provided participants with 15 randomized scenarios with the same social context but different interacting partners and confirmed the degree of agreement with the negative interpretation presented in each situation.
Results
The high social anxiety group showed more negative interpretation bias in ambiguous social situations compared to the low social anxiety group. Regarding the negative interpretation biases according to relational intimacy, the high social anxiety group showed the most negative interpretation bias in social interactions with a moderately intimate person than they did with a stranger or very intimate person.
Conclusions
Social anxiety may have different effects on the degree of negative interpretation bias depending on intimacy in social interactions, suggesting that differentiated therapeutic interventions are needed.

Citations

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Unmet expectations: social inclusion and the interaction between social anxiety and ambiguous or positive feedback
Rémi Thériault, Flavie Dion-Cliche, Stéphane Dandeneau
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

The Effect of Perceived Stress on Drinking Problem of Korean College Students: From the Perspective of Escape Theory: Dawon Yoon, Youngho Lee; STRESS. 2023;31(1):1-10. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.1.1

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Background
This study examined how the perceived stress of college students leads to drinking problems based on the Escape Theory.
Methods
A total of 485 college students were surveyed. A moderated mediation analysis was used to test the hypotheses.
Results
Since no significant correlation was found between perceived stress and drinking problem, the dependent variable was replaced with problematic drinking, a sub-factor of drinking problem. Escape from self fully mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic drinking. The interaction of perceived stress and dysfunctional self-focus was correlated with escape from self. Coping motives to drinking strengthened the pathways from escape from self to problematic drinking.
Conclusions
This study shows the need for therapeutic interventions to curb college students’ drinking problems. This study’s significance and limitations are also discussed.

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The Relationship between Perceived Stress, Subjective Health Status, and Symptoms of Dry Eye and Dry Mouth among Optometry Students at a University
Se-Jin Kim, Min-Hee Hong
The Korean Journal of Vision Science.2024; 26(3): 195. CrossRef

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