STRESS

Most-read articles are from the articles published in 2022 during the last three month.

Original Articles

Test Linking of Suicide Risk Assessment Instruments: Comparing Cut-Off Scores for Suicide Risk: Hwajeong Yu, Yuhwa Han, Sungeun You; STRESS. 2023;31(1):25-36. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.1.25

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Abstract PDF: Background
Communicating the objective meaning of the cut-off criteria for high-risk among suicide risk assessment tools is challenging because they measure different aspects of suicide risk. This study aimed to provide comparable scores among widely used suicide assessment instruments by using test linking.
Methods
Linking was performed using the equipercentile method with the data of 400 adults. Then, for an independent sample of 165 adults, the validity of linking was tested by providing an overall percent agreement of group classification.
Results
Linking results indicated that the score of 4 on the C-SSRS corresponded to 8 on the DSI-SS and 16 on the SBQ-R, respectively. The overall percent agreement of group classification based on the cutoff score of 4 on the C-SSRS was high in both scales, supporting the validity of linking.
Conclusions
The study results provide comparable criteria for the high-risk group among the three measures. Mental health practitioners could utilize our results in identifying people at high suicide risk.

Association between Suicidal Ideation and Blood Cadmium Levels Based on the 3rd to 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys: Sunmi Kim; STRESS. 2024;32(1):46-52. Published online March 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.1.46

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study aimed to determine the association between blood cadmium levels and suicidal ideation.
Methods
Using data from the 3rd to 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, the geometric mean of blood cadmium levels according to suicidal ideation was compared using multiple linear regression analyses in male and female adults. The frequency of suicidal ideation according to the blood cadmium levels was also compared using multiple logistic regression models.
Results
In total, 6,877 men and 6,698 women were included in the study. When adjusting for all potential confounding factors, the geometric mean of blood cadmium levels was significantly higher in participants with suicidal ideation than in those without suicidal ideation in both men (0.92 ng/ml [95% confidence interval 0.87∼0.97 ng/ml] vs. 0.86 ng/ml [0.84∼0.88 ng/ml]; p=.026) and women (1.05 ng/ml [95% confidence interval 1.01∼1.10 ng/ml] vs. 0.99 ng/ml [0.98∼1.02 ng/ml]; p=.006). After adjusting for potential confounders, the frequency of suicidal ideation significantly increased as blood cadmium levels increased in men (p for trend=.014) and women (p for trend=.034).
Conclusions
Results revealed an association between blood cadmium levels and suicidal ideation in Korean adults.

The Effect of Parents’ Negative Parenting Style on Aggression among Adolescents: The Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem and Smartphone Dependency: Eun Jung Bae, Soo-Hyun Nam; STRESS. 2023;31(1):18-24. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.1.18

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study investigates the serial mediation of self-esteem and smartphone dependency in the relationship between negative parenting style and adolescents’ aggression.
Methods
We conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) and used the data of first-year middle school students. A mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes’ SPSS PROCESS Macro (Model 6).
Results
The mediation of smartphone dependency was significant in the relationship between parents’ negative parenting style and aggression, but the mediation of self-esteem was not. Negative parenting style significantly affected adolescents’ aggression through the sequential mediation of self-esteem and smartphone dependency.
Conclusions
Appropriate interventions should be prepared to help adolescents increase their self-esteem and reduce smartphone dependency, thus reducing the aggression that a negative parenting style induces.

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Correlation between Parental Hostility and Child Self-Control and Aggression
Sun Yee Yoo, Hye Young Ahn
Healthcare.2023; 11(17): 2433. CrossRef
Moderating Effects of Emotional Recognition Competency in Rejective Parenting and Adolescent Depression and Aggression
Jaeeun Shin, Sung Man Bae
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(18): 6775. CrossRef

The Role of Meaning in Life in the Relationship between Stress, Pleasure, and Depression: Dayeah Shin; STRESS. 2022;30(1):30-36. Published online March 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2022.30.1.30

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Abstract PDF

Background
Discovering personal value and living a meaningful life are essential tasks for humans. The pursuit of existential meaning, which is a key motivator for life, is related to various psychological health factors and helps overcome stressful events. In this study, we aimed to identify the moderating effects of meaning in life on the relationship between stress, pleasure, and depression.
Methods
The moderating effects of meaning in life on the relationship between stress, pleasure, and depression were examined in a sample of 144 college students.
Results
Meaning in life had a significant strengthening effect on the impact of stressful life events on experience of pleasure and a buffering effect on the impacts of stressful life events on depression.
Conclusions
The findings demonstrated that discovering meaning in life could improve the experience of pleasure and mitigate depression due to stressful life events. Additionally, the results suggested a need for intervention to increase meaning in life for college students who experience stressful life events.

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The Development and Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing-Existential Psychotherapy Program for Korean College Students with Depression
Boonhong Hwang, Hyun-Ju Ju, Sung-Ho Jang, Uibin Lee, Sung-Man Shin
Journal of College Student Psychotherapy.2023; : 1. CrossRef
Stress and suicidal ideation in Korean baby boomers: the mediating effect of mindfulness and meaning in life
Yusoo Jeong
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

The Mediating Role of Smartphone Usage Time in the Relation between Stress and Anxiety among Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Eunha Jeong; STRESS. 2023;31(2):65-72. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.2.65

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study examines the mediating effect of smartphone usage time on the relationship between stress and anxiety among adolescents.
Methods
Data on 54,848 adolescents were obtained from the 17th (2021) Korea Youth Behavior Survey. The data were analyzed using PROCESS Macro Version 4.1 (Model 4) to examine the effect and significance of each path in the mediation model.
Results
There was a statistically significant direct effect of stress on anxiety. Additionally, smartphone usage time mediated the relationship between stress and anxiety, indicating a significant indirect effect.
Conclusions
The findings suggest the importance of addressing stress coping strategies and implementing effective intervention programs related to smartphone use to promote adolescents’ mental health.

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Influence of Sedentary Behavior and Smartphone Use on the Risk of Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Adolescents
Kyong Sil Park
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(4): 363. CrossRef

Effects of Social Anxiety Level on Negative Interpretation Bias in Ambiguous Social Situations: Focused on Relational Intimacy: Hye Ji Yun, Myoung-Ho Hyun; STRESS. 2023;31(1):11-17. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.1.11

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study aimed to examine the differences in negative interpretation bias in ambiguous social situations according to social anxiety level and then confirm the degree of negative interpretation bias according to the relational intimacy with the interacting partner.
Methods
A total of 405 adults in their 20s completed the surveys that measured the levels of social interaction anxiety, and the highest 10% (n=30) and lowest 10% (n=30) scorers finally participated in the study. This study used a 2 (high/low social anxiety)×3 (relational intimacy: a stranger/a moderately intimate person/a very intimate person) factorial design. The study provided participants with 15 randomized scenarios with the same social context but different interacting partners and confirmed the degree of agreement with the negative interpretation presented in each situation.
Results
The high social anxiety group showed more negative interpretation bias in ambiguous social situations compared to the low social anxiety group. Regarding the negative interpretation biases according to relational intimacy, the high social anxiety group showed the most negative interpretation bias in social interactions with a moderately intimate person than they did with a stranger or very intimate person.
Conclusions
Social anxiety may have different effects on the degree of negative interpretation bias depending on intimacy in social interactions, suggesting that differentiated therapeutic interventions are needed.

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Unmet expectations: social inclusion and the interaction between social anxiety and ambiguous or positive feedback
Rémi Thériault, Flavie Dion-Cliche, Stéphane Dandeneau
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Relationship between Childhood Trauma and Depression in Youths in the Transition to Independent Living: The Mediating Effect of Disconnection-Rejection Schemas Moderated by Out-of-Home Care Types: Shin Young Park, Myoung-Ho Hyun, Min Jin Jin; STRESS. 2024;32(1):9-18. Published online March 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.1.9

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study explored the relationship between childhood trauma, disconnection-rejection schemas, and depression among youths in the transition to independent living. Additionally, this study examined whether the impact of childhood trauma on depression, mediated by disconnection-rejection schemas, was moderated by the type of out-of-home care (residential care centers, group homes, and foster homes).
Methods
A survey questionnaire measuring childhood trauma, disconnection-rejection schemas, and depression was administered to 201 participants.
Results
Mistrust-abuse and defectiveness-shame schemas mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depression. In all types of out-of-home care, both the mistrust-abuse and defectiveness-shame schemas mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depression. There were no significant differences in mediating effects based on the type of out-of-home care.
Conclusions
The findings of this study can be applied to the treatment of depression during the transition to independent living in individuals who have experienced childhood trauma.

The Relationship between Level of Therapist Support and Efficacy and Adherence in Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Disordered Eating Behaviors: Seyeom Kim, Eun-Jung Shim; STRESS. 2024;32(1):29-37. Published online March 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.1.29

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Abstract PDF: Background
Therapist support is an important intervention design factor in internet-delivered psychotherapy. However, the relationship between therapist support and intervention outcomes is not well established. This study examined the relationship between therapist support, efficacy, and adherence to Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (I-CBT) for disordered eating behaviors.
Methods
Thirty-six women with disordered eating behaviors were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: low, medium, and high levels of therapist support. The participants received eight sessions of I-CBT, twice a week, with varying levels of therapist support.
Results
While all three groups showed a reduction in eating disorder risk factors (i.e., body image disturbance, disordered eating behaviors, depression, and anxiety), there were no significant differences in these improvements by therapist support level. However, there were significant differences in intervention completion rates by therapist support level, with higher levels of support associated with increased intervention completion rates.
Conclusions
Therapist support can potentially improve adherence to internet-based interventions.

Relationship between Mindfulness and Stress Response in High School Students: Mediating Effect of Self-Regulation Ability: Yoonjung Choi, Mihee Lee, Jeongik Choi; STRESS. 2024;32(1):19-28. Published online March 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.1.19

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study explored the applicability of mindfulness meditation as an intervention approach in school counseling for managing daily stress in high school students. The study investigated the mediating effect of self-regulation ability on the relationship between mindfulness and stress response.
Methods
Data from 244 high school students (119 men and 125 women) were used to examine the mediating effect, controlling for academic variables using Hayes’ (2013) Process Macro Model 4.
Results
There was a positive correlation between mindfulness and self-regulation abilities, and mindfulness and self-regulation abilities were negatively correlated with stress response. Moreover, for students who perceived higher academic achievement levels, self-regulation abilities were positively correlated, and stress response were negatively correlated. Results showed a full mediating effect of self-regulation ability on the adverse relationship between mindfulness and stress response. The mediating effects of self-regulation modes were differentially observed in the adverse relationship between mindful consciousness and attitude dimensions of stress response.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that when applying mindfulness meditation as a daily stress management strategy for high school students, enhancing their self-regulation ability should be the focus of intervention.

Effect of Cognitive Processing Style on Attentional Blink during Analogue Trauma: Ye Ji Son, Yun-Kyeung Choi; STRESS. 2024;32(1):38-45. Published online March 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.1.38

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study attempted to examine the impact of each cognitive processing style (bottom-up, top-down) on attention patterns following a traumatic experience by measuring attentional blink (AB).
Methods
Participants were 37 university students with no direct experience of traffic accidents. They were randomly assigned to either a single-task (bottom-up processing) group or a dual-task (top-down processing) group, who performed the Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) after watching an analogue trauma video. The correct response rate to target stimuli was then compared between groups based on stimulus type and stimulus presentation interval.
Results
In the dual-task group, no significant differences were found. However, in the single-task group, a trend towards a decrease in the correct response rate to the target stimulus was observed 200 ms after the presentation of the traumatic stimulus (i.e., AB).
Conclusions
This tendency can be explained by the phenomenon of automatic attentional capture by traumatic stimuli, suggesting a relationship between bottom-up processing and attentional bias.

Effect of Daily Stress on School Adjustment among Children at Community Child Centers: Mediating Roles of Inattention and Social Withdrawal: RaeHyuck Lee; STRESS. 2024;32(1):1-8. Published online March 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2024.32.1.1

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Abstract PDF

Background
This study verifies the influence of daily stress on school adjustment through inattention and social withdrawal among children at community child centers.
Methods
Analyses were performed on data collected from the Child Panel Survey of the Community Child Centers, followed by a series of regression analyses.
Results
First, daily stress had a negative and significant influence on school adjustment. Second, both inattention and social withdrawal among children mediated the influence of daily stress on school adjustment. Finally, the influence of daily stress on school adjustment was serially dual-mediated through inattention and social withdrawal.
Conclusions
This study presents evidence-based strategies that could help the school adjustment of children at community child centers.

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A Phenomenological Study on Breast Cancer Survivors' Experiences of Mind Subtraction Meditation
Mi Ra Yun
Asian Oncology Nursing.2016; 16(3): 158. CrossRef

Influence of Pain Management Knowledge, Pain Management Self-Efficacy, and Empathic Capacity on Pain Management Performance of Nurses in Orthopedic Units: Ji-Eon Han, Jeonghyun Cho; STRESS. 2022;30(2):109-117. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2022.30.2.109

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Abstract PDF: Background
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of pain management knowledge, pain management self-efficacy, and empathic capacity on the pain management performance of orthopedic unit nurses.
Methods
This study employed a cross-sectional design using the survey. Participants were 110 orthopedic unit nurses from five university hospitals located in the B, U, and I metropolitan cities. Data collection was carried out from February 1, 2019 to March 6, 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with IBM SPSS WIN 25.0 program.
Results
Pain management performance had statistically significant positive relationships with pain management self-efficacy (r=.46, p＜.001) and empathic capacity (r=.38, p＜.001). Regarding the factors that have an influence on pain management performance, pain management self-efficacy (β=.33, p=.001), empathic capacity (β=.21, p=.024), and experience in pain management education (β=.18, p=.032) were the significant factors. These variables explained 26.1% of the pain management performance in orthopedic unit nurses.
Conclusions
The findings would be used as a basis for effective strategies for pain management by orthopedic unit nurses in the future.

Comparison of Stroke Knowledge, Health Beliefs, and Stroke Prevention Behavior between Early and Middle-Aged Adults: Eun Ko; STRESS. 2022;30(2):98-108. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2022.30.2.98

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Abstract PDF: Background
The onset age of stroke is decreasing, leading to social loss. As such, primary stroke prevention is important. This study aimed to compare the stroke knowledge, health beliefs, and stroke prevention behavior between early and middle-aged adults.
Methods
In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a survey was conducted in three small cities in Korea from June to October 2020. The study used a structured self-report questionnaire that included items on stroke knowledge, including risk factors, warning signs, and urgent action, health beliefs, and stroke prevention behavior, as well as collected data on respondents’ demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ² test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0.
Results
The participants included 104 early adults (aged below 40 years) and 143 middle-aged adults (aged 40∼64 years). The two groups showed a significant difference in their health beliefs scores. By contrast, they did not show a significant difference in their scores for stroke prevention behavior. However, their scores for health responsibility (t=−2.00, p=.047), nutrition (t=4.24, p＜.001), and interpersonal relationships (t=2.04, p=.042) were significantly different.
Conclusions
Early and middle-aged adults showed differences in health beliefs and the stroke prevention behavior subfactors of health responsibility, nutrition, and interpersonal relationships. The present findings may be used when planning interventions or education programs for primary stroke prevention.

The Experience of Killing and Health in Late Life: Findings from Korean Vietnam War Veterans: Hyunyup Lee, Sungrok Kang; STRESS. 2022;30(2):85-91. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2022.30.2.85

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Abstract PDF: Background
The current study aimed to examine the effects of combat exposure and killing on mental and subjective physical health later in life among Korean Vietnam War veterans.
Methods
The data were collected from 342 male veterans with a mean age of 72 years (SD=2.57). Veterans were divided based on their histories into three groups: no experience (Group 1), combat exposure only (Group 2), and both killing and combat exposure (Group 3). Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) examined group differences in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, anxiety symptoms, hostility, and perceived physical health.
Results
The ANOVAs showed that PTSD, anxiety symptoms and hostility were most prevalent among the veterans in Group 3 (both killing and combat exposure). No significant differences were found between Groups 1 and 2. Perceived physical health was highest among the veterans in Group 1 (no experience). There were no differences between Groups 2 and 3. Even after controlling for the impacts of optimism and social support after homecoming, these results were similar.
Conclusions
The findings indicate that killing experience and combat exposure should be considered in designing interventions for veterans deployed into active combat zones.

The Effect of Perceived Stress on Drinking Problem of Korean College Students: From the Perspective of Escape Theory: Dawon Yoon, Youngho Lee; STRESS. 2023;31(1):1-10. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2023.31.1.1

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Abstract PDF: Background
This study examined how the perceived stress of college students leads to drinking problems based on the Escape Theory.
Methods
A total of 485 college students were surveyed. A moderated mediation analysis was used to test the hypotheses.
Results
Since no significant correlation was found between perceived stress and drinking problem, the dependent variable was replaced with problematic drinking, a sub-factor of drinking problem. Escape from self fully mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic drinking. The interaction of perceived stress and dysfunctional self-focus was correlated with escape from self. Coping motives to drinking strengthened the pathways from escape from self to problematic drinking.
Conclusions
This study shows the need for therapeutic interventions to curb college students’ drinking problems. This study’s significance and limitations are also discussed.

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