서울대학교 간호대학
College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
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Variables | Category | n (%) |
---|---|---|
Mother’s age (yrs) | 25~29 | 5 (4.8) |
30~34 | 22 (21.2) | |
35~39 | 51 (49.0) | |
40~44 | 23 (22.1) | |
45~49 | 3 (2.9) | |
Religion | Yes | 47 (45.2) |
No | 57 (54.8) | |
Education level | ≤High school diploma | 13 (12.5) |
College graduates | 79 (76.0) | |
≥Postgraduate course | 12 (11.5) | |
Employment status | Yes | 50 (48.1) |
No | 54 (51.9) | |
Monthly income (Korean million won) | <2 | 3 (2.9) |
2~4 | 35 (33.7) | |
4~6 | 35 (33.7) | |
6~8 | 16 (15.4) | |
≥8 | 15 (14.4) | |
Number of Infant | 1 | 62 (59.6) |
≥2 | 42 (40.4) | |
Type of children | The only child - son | 20 (19.2) |
The only child - daughter | 17 (16.3) | |
The sibling child | 67 (64.4) | |
Type of feeding | Breast feeding | 37 (35.6) |
Mixed feeding | 50 (48.1) | |
Bottle feeding | 17 (16.3) | |
Primary Caregivers | Mother | 92 (88.5) |
Someone else | 12 (11.5) | |
Time with children: except for sleeping time (hrs) | <5 | 20 (19.2) |
5~10 | 68 (65.4) | |
≥10 | 16 (15.4) | |
Main helper (multiple choice, N=188) | Families, relatives | 80 (42.6) |
Babysitter, | 10 (5.3) | |
Infant caring facilities | 30 (16.0) | |
Spouse | 36 (19.1) | |
Etc. | 32 (17.0) |
Variables | Classification | Mean±SD | No. of items | Min | Max | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parenting Stress | 78.26±18.37 | 35 | 37.00 | 119.00 | ||
Parent domain | 32.41±8.13 | 12 | 13.00 | 48.00 | ||
Parent-children domain | 21.59±5.86 | 12 | 13.00 | 38.00 | ||
Child domain | 24.26±7.65 | 11 | 11.00 | 44.00 | ||
Anger | 74.00±12.61 | 44 | 54.00 | 111.00 | ||
Anger expression | Anger-in | 13.53±3.37 | 8 | 8.00 | 25.00 | |
Anger-out | 13.88±2.84 | 8 | 9.00 | 22.00 | ||
Anger-control | 19.82±3.53 | 8 | 12.00 | 32.00 | ||
State anger | 13.38±4.15 | 10 | 10.00 | 28.00 | ||
Trait anger | 17.78±4.54 | 10 | 10.00 | 34.00 | ||
Somatization symptom | 8.09±7.06 | 12 | 00.00 | 38.00 |
Variables | Category | Parenting Stress | Anger | Somatization symptom | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±SD | t/F (p) | Mean±SD | t/F (p) | Mean±SD | t/F (p) | ||
Mother’s age (yrs) | 25~29 | 91.40±16.52 | 1.777 (.140) | 81.20±11.39 | 2.046 (.094) | 9.00±5.24 | .813 (.520) |
30~34 | 79.09±16.97 | 71.86±9.56 | 7.41±5.24 | ||||
35~39 | 76.31±16.10 | 71.96±12.34 | 7.24±6.77 | ||||
40~44 | 81.35±23.62 | 79.35±15.03 | 10.09±9.10 | ||||
45~49 | 59.67±5.03 | 71.33±7.57 | 10.67±9.29 | ||||
Religion | Yes | 81.23±17.30 | 1.509 (.134) | 74.77±11.55 | .561 (.576) | 8.45±6.44 | .471 (.639) |
No | 75.81±19.01 | 73.37±13.49 | 7.79±7.58 | ||||
Education level | ≤High school diploma | 84.00±23.01 | .809 (.448) | 74.62±14.90 | 1.036 (.359) | 10.54±10.33 | 3.267 (.042) |
College graduates | 77.13±17.58 | 73.18±12.66 | 7.13±5.93 | ||||
≥Postgraduate course | 79.50±18.44 | 78.75±9.00 | 11.75±8.51 | ||||
Employment status | Yes | 77.48±19.03 | −.415 (.679) | 74.32±13.14 | .248 (.805) | 8.84±6.83 | 1.048 (.297) |
No | 78.98±17.89 | 73.70±12.22 | 7.39±7.26 | ||||
Monthly income (million won) | <2 | 86.67±14.64 | 1.673 (.162) | 63.67±7.02 | 1.359 (.254) | 8.33±8.02 | 1.077 (.372) |
2~4 | 83.51±17.21 | 76.46±14.41 | 9.83±8.07 | ||||
4~6 | 73.57±18.04 | 71.29±10.40 | 7.09±6.10 | ||||
6~8 | 79.19±18.53 | 75.88±12.31 | 6.00±5.28 | ||||
≥8 | 74.27±20.42 | 74.67±13.15 | 8.53±7.99 | ||||
Number of Infant | 1 | 77.05±18.91 | −.186 (417) | 75.37±12.63 | .363 (.717) | 8.13±7.21 | .074 (.941) |
≥2 | 80.05±17.61 | 73.45±12.71 | 8.02±6.92 | ||||
Type of children | The only child - son | 81.10±18.46 | .390 (.678) | 75.30±11.77 | .415 (.661) | 8.55±8.82 | 1.268 (.286) |
The only child - daughter | 79.35±19.48 | 75.76±11.82 | 10.35±6.43 | ||||
The sibling child | 77.13±18.23 | 73.16±13.13 | 7.37±6.59 | ||||
Type of feeding | Breast feeding | 77.73±18.04 | .116 (.891) | 73.62±13.00 | .491 (.613) | 7.97±6.24 | .012 (.988) |
Mixed feeding | 79.12±16.96 | 75.08±13.05 | 8.10±7.88 | ||||
Bottle feeding | 76.88±23.54 | 71.65±10.55 | 8.29±6.55 | ||||
Primary Caregivers | Mother | 78.91±18.41 | 1.004 (.318) | 74.46±12.82 | 1.022 (.309) | 8.03±7.11 | −.215 (.830) |
Someone else | 73.25±18.03 | 70.50±10.69 | 8.50±6.92 | ||||
Time with children (hrs) | <5 | 83.75±16.28 | 2.376 (.098) | 79.20±15.13 | 2.152 (.122) | 10.15±7.23 | 1.711 (.186) |
5~10 | 75.44±18.61 | 72.76±11.86 | 8.01±7.23 | ||||
≥10 | 83.38±18.15 | 72.75±11.35 | 5.81±5.61 |
Parenting Stress | Anger | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parent domain | Parent-children domain | Children domain | State anger | Trait anger | |
r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | r (p) | |
Parent-children domain | .535 (<.001) | ||||
Children domain | .514 (<.001) | .696 (<.001) | |||
State anger | .490 (<.001) | .418 (<.001) | .393 (<.001) | ||
Trait anger | .415 (<.001) | .342 (<.001) | .359 (<.001) | .506 (<.001) | |
Somatization symptom | .454 (<.001) | .343 (<.001) | .361 (<.001) | .448 (<.001) | .384 (<.001) |
Variables | B | β | t | p | tolerance | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | −10.983 | −4.142 | <.001 | |||
Anger | Anger expression: Anger-in | .948 | .453 | 4.864 | <.001 | .736 |
Parenting stress | Parent domain | .192 | .221 | 2.380 | .019 | .736 |
R=.597, R2=.357, Adj. R2=.344 F=28.024, p<.001, Durbin-Watson=2.407 |