계명대학교 심리학과
Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
Copyright: © The Korean Journal of Stress Research
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
자원봉사자로서 재난심리지원 경험에 대해 말씀해 주십시오.
자원봉사자로서 재난심리지원에 참여할 때 어떤 역량(또는 전문성)이 필요하다고 생각하십니까?
유능한 자원봉사자 인력을 양성하기 위해 어떤 교육(커리큘럼)이 필요하다고 생각하십니까?
자원봉사자로서 재난심리지원에 참여하였을 때, 팀 단위로 일한 적이 있으시면 그 경험에 대해 말씀해주십시오.
재난심리지원에서 팀의 리더에게 어떤 역량이 필요하다고 생각하십니까?
재난심리지원에서 팀원에게는 어떤 역량이 필요하다고 생각하십니까?
재난심리지원에 팀(조직) 역량을 강화하기 위해 어떤 교육(커리큘럼)이 필요하다고 생각하십니까?
재난심리지원에 참여하였을 때, 다른 조직(행정조직, 다른 직역이나 팀)과 함께 일한 적이 있으시면 그 경험에 대해 말씀해주십시오.
다른 조직과 일할 때 어떤 역량이 필요하다고 생각하십니까?
다른 조직과 원활하게 공조하기 위해 어떤 교육(커리큘럼)이 필요하다고 생각하십니까?
마지막으로, 재난심리지원에 필요한 인력을 양성할 때 도움이 될 만한 말씀을 부탁드립니다.
Gender | Age | Education (years) | Volunteer career (years) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Team members | ||||
Member 1 | F | 40 s | 16 | 5~10 |
Member 2 | F | 50 s | 12 | More than 10 |
Member 3 | F | 40 s | 14 | 5~10 |
Member 4 | M | 50 s | 14 | 3~5 |
Member 5 | M | 40 s | 12 | 3~5 |
Team leaders | ||||
Leader 1 | F | 60 s | 12 | - |
Leader 2 | F | 50 s | 16 | 1~3 |
Leader 3 | F | 40 s | 12 | 5~10 |
Leader 4 | F | 50 s | 12 | - |
Leader 5 | M | 50 s | 12 | 5~10 |
Leader 6 | M | 40 s | 12 | 3~5 |
Statements | Natural meaning units | Themes | Focal meanings | Sub- components |
---|---|---|---|---|
There was no way to resolve the conflict. Since team members were busy to do their daily duty, there was no time to resolve the conflict. <leader 2> | No way to resolve conflict | Conflict management | Leadership | Personal characteristic |
When we worked together for a long time, we found ourselves in conflicts with our colleagues. It had been a good relationship when we met for a while. But as we worked together for a long time, conflicts increased. <leader 2> | An accumulation of conflicts among volunteers | |||
Leader was tired because other people misunderstood his volunteer activity. <member 3> | Leaders receive criticism or praise due to their expressions | Difficulty of leader | ||
The qualifications of volunteers should be managed. <leader 4> | Certificate for volunteers | ID card | Qualifications of voluntary work | Value of voluntary work |
One of volunteers cleaned the around by oneself. They also suffered a lot. <member 4> | Spontaneous volunteering | Spontaneity |
Sub-component | Focal meaning | Total | Team members | Team leaders | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
Value of voluntary work | Subtotal | 16 | 4.2 | 4 | 1.9 | 12 | 7.1 |
Meaning of voluntary work | 8 | 2.1 | 4 | 1.9 | 4 | 2.4 | |
Qualifications of voluntary work | 8 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 4.7 | |
Personal characteristic | Subtotal | 79 | 21 | 44 | 21.3 | 35 | 20.7 |
Personal quality | |||||||
Leader | 20 | 5.3 | 12 | 5.8 | 8 | 4.7 | |
Volunteer | 23 | 6.1 | 11 | 5.3 | 12 | 7.1 | |
Leadership & followership | |||||||
Leadership | 29 | 7.7 | 19 | 9.2 | 10 | 5.9 | |
Followership | 7 | 1.9 | 2 | 1.0 | 5 | 3.0 | |
Organization characteristic | Subtotal | 82 | 21.9 | 39 | 18.8 | 43 | 25.4 |
Within team | |||||||
Organization management | 12 | 3.2 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 7.1 | |
Teamwork | 17 | 4.5 | 7 | 3.4 | 10 | 5.9 | |
Role specification | 6 | 1.6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3.6 | |
Middle manager | 8 | 2.1 | 8 | 3.9 | 0 | 0 | |
Administrative reporting system | 6 | 1.6 | 6 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | |
Between team/organization | 8.9 | ||||||
Resource | 7 | 1.9 | 2 | 1.0 | 5 | 3.0 | |
Collaboration | 19 | 5.1 | 11 | 5.3 | 8 | 4.7 | |
Control tower | 7 | 1.9 | 5 | 2.4 | 2 | 1.2 | |
Disaster environment | Subtotal | 66 | 17.5 | 48 | 23.2 | 18 | 10.7 |
Community conflict | 11 | 2.9 | 11 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 | |
Perception of service activities | 14 | 3.7 | 11 | 5.3 | 3 | 1.8 | |
Intervention | 32 | 8.5 | 18 | 8.7 | 14 | 8.3 | |
Long-term voluntary work | 9 | 2.4 | 8 | 3.9 | 1 | 0.6 | |
Impact of volunteer participation | Subtotal | 58 | 15.5 | 32 | 15.5 | 26 | 15.4 |
Positive experience | 13 | 3.5 | 6 | 2.9 | 7 | 11.2 | |
Burnout | 45 | 12 | 26 | 12.6 | 19 | 15.4 | |
Needs of volunteer | Subtotal | 75 | 19.9 | 40 | 19.3 | 35 | 20.7 |
Self & peer care | 28 | 7.4 | 14 | 6.8 | 14 | 8.3 | |
Needs of education | 47 | 12.5 | 26 | 12.6 | 21 | 12.4 | |
Total | 376 | 100 | 207 | 100 | 169 | 100 |
Focal meaning | N | % | Theme | Total | Team members | Team leaders | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
Meaning of voluntary work | 8 | 50 | Undermining the meaning of volunteerism | 8 | 50.00 | 4 | 100 | 4 | 33.33 |
Qualifications of voluntary work | 8 | 50 | Registration | 5 | 31.25 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 41.67 |
ID card of volunteer | 3 | 18.75 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 25.00 | |||
Total | 16 | 100 | 16 | 100 | 4 | 100 | 12 | 100 |
Focal meaning | N | % | Theme | Total | Team members | Team leaders | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
Personal quality | |||||||||
Leader | 20 | 25.32 | Expertise | 1 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.86 |
Consideration and respect | 10 | 12.66 | 6 | 13.64 | 4 | 11.43 | |||
Responsibility | 4 | 5.06 | 2 | 4.55 | 2 | 5.71 | |||
Charisma | 5 | 6.33 | 4 | 9.09 | 1 | 2.86 | |||
Volunteer | 23 | 29.11 | Sense of mission | 6 | 7.59 | 4 | 9.09 | 2 | 5.71 |
Personality | 6 | 7.59 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 17.14 | |||
Voluntary commitment | 5 | 6.33 | 5 | 11.36 | 0 | 0 | |||
Responsibility | 6 | 7.59 | 2 | 4.55 | 4 | 11.43 | |||
Leadership & followership | |||||||||
Leadership | 29 | 36.71 | Conflict management | 4 | 5.06 | 1 | 2.27 | 3 | 8.57 |
Proficient leader | 5 | 6.33 | 4 | 9.09 | 1 | 2.86 | |||
Difficulty of leader | 5 | 6.33 | 5 | 11.36 | 0 | 0 | |||
Role allocation | 8 | 10.13 | 2 | 4.55 | 6 | 17.14 | |||
Communication | 7 | 8.86 | 7 | 15.91 | 0 | 0 | |||
Followership | 7 | 8.86 | Followership | 7 | 8.86 | 2 | 4.55 | 5 | 14.29 |
Total | 79 | 100 | 79 | 100 | 44 | 100 | 35 | 100 |
Focal meaning | N | % | Theme | Total | Team Members | Team leaders | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
Within team | |||||||||
Organization management | 12 | 14.63 | Emergency contact network | 1 | 1.20 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.33 |
Role allocation | 5 | 6.02 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 11.63 | |||
Mobilization of workforce | 6 | 7.23 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 13.95 | |||
Teamwork | 17 | 20.73 | Comradeship | 9 | 10.84 | 7 | 17.95 | 2 | 4.65 |
Regard | 2 | 2.41 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4.65 | |||
Communication | 2 | 2.41 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4.65 | |||
Understanding of team members’ task | 4 | 4.82 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 9.30 | |||
Role specification | 6 | 7.32 | Role flexibility | 1 | 1.20 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.33 |
Specification about scope of the role | 5 | 6.02 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 11.63 | |||
Middle manager | 8 | 9.76 | Difficulty in mobilizing workforce | 8 | 9.64 | 8 | 20.51 | 0 | 0 |
Administrative system | 6 | 7.32 | Simplification of emergency reporting system | 3 | 3.61 | 3 | 7.69 | 0 | 0 |
Simplification of administrative procedure | 3 | 3.61 | 3 | 7.69 | 0 | 0 | |||
Between team/organization | |||||||||
Resource | 7 | 8.54 | Difficulty in allocating resources | 3 | 3.61 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6.98 |
Donation of goods | 4 | 4.82 | 2 | 5.13 | 2 | 4.65 | |||
Collaboration | 19 | 23.17 | Support from other organizations | 5 | 6.02 | 5 | 12.82 | 0 | 0 |
Conflict between organizations | 8 | 9.64 | 3 | 7.69 | 5 | 11.63 | |||
Communication between organizations | 6 | 7.23 | 3 | 7.69 | 3 | 6.98 | |||
Control tower | 7 | 8.54 | Absence of a control tower | 2 | 2.41 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4.65 |
Coordination | 5 | 6.02 | 5 | 12.82 | 0 | 0 | |||
Total | 82 | 100 | 82 | 100 | 39 | 100 | 43 | 100 |
Focal meaning | N | % | Theme | Total | Team members | Team leaders | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
Community conflict | 11 | 11.67 | Local recession | 4 | 6.06 | 4 | 8.33 | 0 | 0 |
Conflicts with local residents | 7 | 10.61 | 7 | 14.58 | 0 | 0 | |||
Perception of service activities | 14 | 21.21 | Change of perception about voluntary work | 3 | 4.55 | 1 | 2.08 | 2 | 11.11 |
Misunderstandings due to long-term service | 6 | 9.09 | 5 | 10.42 | 1 | 5.56 | |||
Political Issue | 5 | 7.58 | 5 | 10.42 | 0 | 0 | |||
Intervention | 32 | 48.48 | Response manual | 4 | 6.06 | 3 | 6.25 | 1 | 5.56 |
Understanding about survivors | 11 | 16.67 | 5 | 10.42 | 6 | 33.33 | |||
Coping with disaster | 5 | 7.58 | 1 | 2.08 | 4 | 22.22 | |||
Preparedness | 2 | 3.03 | 2 | 4.17 | 0 | 0 | |||
Initial response | 10 | 15.15 | 7 | 14.58 | 3 | 16.67 | |||
Long-term voluntary work | 9 | 13.64 | Difficulty in long-term voluntary work | 9 | 13.64 | 8 | 16.67 | 1 | 5.56 |
Total | 66 | 100 | 66 | 100 | 48 | 100 | 18 | 100 |
Focal meaning | N | % | Theme | Total | Team members | Team leaders | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
Positive experience | 13 | 22.41 | Pride and satisfaction | 8 | 13.79 | 3 | 9.38 | 5 | 19.23 |
Trust from victim’s families | 2 | 3.45 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7.69 | |||
Appreciation to other members | 3 | 5.17 | 3 | 9.38 | 0 | 0 | |||
Burnout | 45 | 77.59 | Emotion suppression | 14 | 11.67 | 9 | 28.13 | 5 | 19.23 |
Stressful situation | 12 | 10.00 | 8 | 25.00 | 4 | 15.38 | |||
Emotional distress | 14 | 11.67 | 6 | 18.75 | 8 | 30.77 | |||
Being exhausted | 5 | 4.17 | 3 | 9.38 | 2 | 7.69 | |||
Total | 58 | 100 | 58 | 100 | 32 | 100 | 26 | 100 |
Focal meaning | N | % | Theme | Total | Team members | Team leaders | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
Self & peer care | 28 | 37.33 | Stress management | 2 | 2.67 | 1 | 2.5 | 1 | 2.86 |
Needs of counseling | 11 | 14.67 | 6 | 15.0 | 5 | 14.29 | |||
Needs of psychological support | 15 | 20.00 | 7 | 17.5 | 8 | 22.86 | |||
Needs of education | 47 | 62.67 | Education method | 7 | 9.33 | 7 | 17.5 | 0 | |
Education system | 2 | 2.67 | 1 | 2.5 | 1 | 2.86 | |||
Experiential training | 7 | 9.33 | 7 | 17.5 | 0 | ||||
Courtesy training | 5 | 6.67 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 14.29 | |||
Crisis and disaster response | 5 | 6.67 | 3 | 7.5 | 2 | 5.71 | |||
Crisis intervention | 6 | 8.00 | 5 | 12.5 | 1 | 2.86 | |||
Systematic curriculum | 9 | 12.00 | 2 | 5.0 | 7 | 20.00 | |||
Team competency enhancement training | 6 | 8.00 | 1 | 2.5 | 5 | 14.29 | |||
Total | 75 | 100 | 75 | 100 | 40 | 100 | 35 | 100 |